The differences between the migration of the internal Chinese migration compared to the international migration of the Poles to UK

In talking about the contrasts between the relocation of the inner Chinese movement contrasted with the global relocation of the Poles to UK, I will take a gander at an assortment of push and pull factors. I will at that point proceed to take a gander at the effects on both the region from which these settlers left just as the zone that they went to. Initially I will examine the push and pull factors identifying with the movement seen inside in China. The relocation is intentional and from rustic towns (where there is almost no work and a poor way of life) to the continually extending huge urban communities, for example, Shanghai. It is essential to point at this is almost consistently a brief relocation as the transients by and large have the goal to return inside a couple of months. The movement is of working matured grown-ups who leave their youngsters in the rustic towns being taken care of by the grandparents. The primary explanation behind this movement is absolutely a monetary explanation. There is almost consistently work in urban areas, for example, Shanghai in regions, for example, building and working in manufacturing plants. The employments pay seriously and working conditions can be poor. The purpose behind leaving there kids to work in this condition is in the point of showing signs of improvement personal satisfaction for them and their youngsters. It is effectively questionable this is simply the principle financial explanation that not they themselves profit by the movement but rather their youngsters. I will currently experience the Polish relocation to the UK. This was a global and willful relocation. Like the Chinese relocation the reasons are predominantly financial. Anyway interestingly individuals do have occupations in Poland anyway compensation are exceptionally low and individuals need to increase their expectation of living. More cash can be made in better conditions and less time in British occupations. The thing that matters is incredible to such an extent that individuals the Polish workforce in Britain are frequently overqualified for the occupations that they get are as yet paid more than they would be in employments they are equipped for back in the UK. Additionally like the relocation found in China the Poles need their youngsters to have a superior existence from the move. Anyway their objectives vary marginally in that the Poles focus on their kids to lead a progressively materialistic life from the relocation. EU opportunity to move and get work goes about as a draw factor. This is because of the straightforwardness of the move. It additionally implies that individuals are bound to get work and not be oppressed. Towns with a past filled with local people aside from transients, (for example, Peterborough) imply that individuals are progressively disposed to move as they don't have an incredible dread of preference. The most evident influence that the movement in China has on the territories from which the vagrants left from is that kids left with grandparents which thus implies that the reliance rate is incredibly high. Cash is sent back to these towns from the guardians anyway they visit back home to these towns moderately once in a while. On coming back to the towns the guardians will frequently bring products, for example, TVs and they regularly carry firecrackers to praise their arrival. So to a limited degree their objective to improve the nature of lives for their kids is accomplished. Interestingly the effect in Gdansk was that ladies had a lot more chances to work because of the absence of guys in the populace. The nation presently has substantially more transient Labor from nations like Korea and Lithuania to help with the absence of a workforce in Poland. Poland are presently sending authorities to the UK in and endeavor to take individuals Polish individuals back to places in Poland, for example, Gdansk. In taking a gander at the effects on the nations accepting the transients in China it is obvious to see that congestion is a significant issue in urban communities, for example, Shanghai. An underclass is by all accounts creating in the major urban regions of poor ill-conceived laborers with an absence of choices and without a genuine possibility of their circumstance changing at any point in the near future. Separation is likewise evident in the Cities because of the nearby laborers not ready to be paid what the transient workforces are. Anyway the urban communities are extending incredibly rapidly and this is basically because of the expense of the physical work. With the Polish relocation a lot more police are sure school laborers must be bilingual. The Poles do add to the economy in the UK as they make good on charge and regularly open shops or organizations which can utilize British individuals. Numerous ventures are presently dependent on the vagrant workforce, for example, Stanford Stands just because of the expense and regularly productivity.

Consumer behaviour theory Free Essays

In the present condition of understanding customer conduct mentalities are center idea in picking up information on people’s characters, conduct and decisions they make. At the end of the day responding to the inquiry †â€Å"Why do individuals do what they do? † Along with convictions and personality they are primary factor affecting on individual’s life since regular decisions are made grasping a specific disposition. Except if advertisers attempt to characterize and focus on the mental need which is experienced by the holding of a demeanor they are in a poor situation to foresee when and how it will change. We will compose a custom article test on Customer conduct hypothesis or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now  (Daniel Katz, 1960) This exposition will determine the variables and mental procedures that impact people’s needs and their impression of different items. Moreover it will depict how advertisers can apply the Functional Theory of Attitudes to comprehend and impact consumers’ mentalities and purchasing conduct. As indicated by Arnould (2004)†An mentality is a person’s generally, suffering assessment of an idea or item, for example, an individual, a brand or a service† Attitude arrangement could occur in various manners and it is ceaseless procedure which is affected all through an individual’s lifetime. A portion of the impacts are inner, for example, qualities and convictions however a significant number of these impacts are outside, for example, family, school, religion, work, peers and, to an expanding degree, the media. The perspectives for organizations depend on affiliations that they have connected them. The Functional hypothesis of mentalities clarifies consumers’ purposes behind holding or changing their perspectives. Daniel Katz (1960) recognized four capacities varying in what jobs they perform for the person. â€Å"According to useful hypothesis, individuals structure mentalities so as to arrange, structure and sum up a lot of data about an item (Grewal et al. 2004)† (Argyriou, E. , Melewar, T. C. , 2011, pp. 433) The utilitarian hypothesis features that demeanor change happens when message and intention coordinate (Katz 1960) and proposes that an individual’s disposition toward an item is generally dictated by what â€Å"function† a mentality serves for the person. The main disposition work †the utilitarian is communicated in accomplishing wanted necessities, purchasers avoid brands which are unlikelyâ to satisfy their requirements. Utilitarian intrigue contains educating shoppers regarding at least one key advantages that are seen to be profoundly practical or imperative to pointed customers. The term â€Å"utilitarian promoting appeal†, is an inventive methodology that features the utilitarian highlights of an item or a brand. The fundamental guideline is the one of â€Å"expected reward† and a ton of the plugs utilize this capacity so as to concentrate on the item execution properties or its advantages. For instance, the greater part of the car advertisings are stressing on the utilitarian highlights and attributes. Spot fulfillment is the â€Å"utilitarian estimation (of a spot) to meet certain essential needs† (Guest Lee, 1983, p. 234) These requirements run from amiability to open administrations to and the apparent nature of, offices, or visual appearance (Stedman, 2002,pp. 564) The inner self cautious capacity where the people shields themselves from becoming acquainted with facts about inside sentiments or the dangers of the outer world so as to secure their sense of self and mental self view. (Katz, D. , 1960) Nowadays customers need to be related with a specific brand or item. This originates from the way that they need to develop and keep a specific mental self portrait of themselves according to their friends. Items which mean to maintain a strategic distance from nervousness delivering circumstances are well on the way to be bought. A fragrance is a genuine case of an inner self protective pointed item since it is utilized to rise individual’s confidence and position in the general public. Publicizing this sort of â€Å"tools† stresses on the social acknowledgment, certainty, and sexual attractive quality so as to construct an inspirational perspectives and relationship with the specific brand. â€Å"You are unique†¦ You are Magnifique! The new Feminine Fragrance. † is the motto of â€Å"Magnifique† by â€Å"Lancome† complimenting ones’ Ego. The worth expressive capacity is the one from which the individual communicates perspectives which compare to his own qualities and to his idea of himself which brings him fulfillment. This is a focal capacity since it focuses on the significance of self-articulation, self-advancement, and self-acknowledgment. Shoppers could frame an item disposition not on account of its substantial capacities or attributes, but since of what it says about their character. â€Å"Places contain images of various social classes and individual implications, and speak to and keep up personality on various levels and measurements. There is no social character that isn't likewise place-related and thing-related† (Grauman, 1983). The association of information work depends on the individual’s need of request, structure or significance in their life. Taking a stab at â€Å"ordering their universe† originates from the need of gauges or edges with regards to another item or confounding circumstance. The shopper sorts all the messages while overlooking the less important data. This could bring about uplifting disposition toward the new brand or the new qualities of the brand. For instance, more data is required when a client is purchasing vehicle or the extra strategies for a cell phone contract. Taking everything into account, perspectives toward brands and items are utilized to anticipate inclinations among brands, purchasing goals, or genuine decision conduct. Proportion of brand inclinations isn't equivalent to proportions of planned or genuine decision. Advertisers need to think about perspectives toward the demonstration of purchasing or utilizing an item as opposed to mentalities toward the item itself. Step by step instructions to refer to Consumer conduct hypothesis, Papers

Affirmative Action misc5 essays

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society misc5 papers Governmental policy regarding minorities in society has been the subject of expanding discussion and pressure in American culture. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the countries most driven endeavor to review the issues of racial and sexual separation. As indicated by the University of Rhode Island, Affirmative activity is characterized as, the particular activities in enlistment, recruiting, overhauling and different regions planned and taken to dispense with the current impacts of past segregation, or present separation (www.riuniversity.edu , 8). This permits minorities and ladies to be given exceptional thought in training and numerous different territories. The requirement for governmental policy regarding minorities in society is fundamental to school affirmations accreditations. Establishments with governmental policy regarding minorities in society arrangements by and large set objectives for expanded decent variety and equivalent open door among minorit y understudies. Our general public isn't one of uniformity, yet governmental policy regarding minorities in society furnishes a way that issues with disparity can be address to the general population. Minorities, for example, African-Americans, Asians, and Hispanics live generally in urban zones that have huge populaces. Thusly, numerous minorities ordinarily go to bring down quality schools. Universities for the most part don't consider that understudies originate from various foundations and distinctive quality schools. The understudies that have better middle of the road and auxiliary schools have a bit of leeway in school affirmations, which prohibit numerous minorities. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society helps understudies who originate from a lower quality optional school to get an opportunity to substantiate themselves in authorize school. Another bit of leeway of governmental policy regarding minorities in society is that it gives a situation of assorted variety. Assorted variety is fundamental to schools and understudies. As a feature of advanced education, understudies gain from eye to eye cooperation with employee and different understudies to work profitably inside and outside the homeroom. Racial decent variety can improve school environment by improving interchanges. It can likewise deve... <!

Profile Of Jefferson Davis History Essay

Profile Of Jefferson Davis History Essay Jefferson Davis was conceived on June 3, 1808 in Christian County, Kentucky which was renamed later to Todd County. He was named after his dads political saint, Thomas Jefferson. He was in a group of ten children; he was the tenth and the last youngster. His mom nearly passed on bringing forth Jefferson Davis at age 45. He was the President of the Confederate States-the main leader of the Confederate. This was the individual the South turned upward to. He picked all the commanders/plans to work with in the Civil War. His father, Samuel Davis, was in the Revolutionary War in 1776 alongside his uncles. Jeffersons siblings were likewise officers, however in the war of 1812-some sat one next to the other with President Monroe. Jefferson was self-taught at an early age. In the wake of self-teaching, he was sent to Transylvania University in Kentucky. He completed his school in 1824 at age 16. After, he was named by President Monroe to go to WestPoint Military Academy as a cadet. Individuals said that he was very officer like and ought to be probably the best fighter. He had moved on from WestPoint at age 24 of every 1832. Directly after he graduated WestPoint, he was appointed his first dynamic activity in the military. He was working at posts in the North-West of Fort Crawford, Wisconsin in 1828-1833. In 1831, the Black Hawk War, his regiment took an interest in numerous fights. In 1833, he moved to another regiment named the First Dragoons. That equivalent year, Davis was likewise elevated to being the primary lieutenant. He wedded, Sarah Knox Taylor. She was the little girl of President Zachary Taylor. They didnt hang out, so it more likely than not been all consuming, instant adoration. President Taylor didnt restrict of this marriage on account of the considerable number of hardships they needed to look in the war. They later separated and Jefferson Davis wedded Varina Howell Davis. On February 9, 1861, he got a notification saying that he was the following President of the Confederate States. He didnt need to be leader of the Confederate; he really needed to be the officer of the military. He was an alternate individual contrasted with the remainder of the officers in the Civil War. Individuals like to have their business/work their primary goal, yet Jefferson Davis had his family his first need rather than his business. He got acclaimed by his composition. He expounded on depression, and being endlessly from his family during the war. In 1847, he faced in the Conflict of Buena Vista (the Mexican American War). In 1860, he came out for favor in withdrawing. This was his first opportunity he really came out and said that he was helping the South withdraw. Davis named another state to the confederate in 1861. This was a decent methodology since he was increasing more individuals to help bondage being legitimate in the U.S. This state was Tennessee. In 182, he mar ked the Conscription Bill; this stunned numerous individuals on the grounds that the southern armed force was little yet extremely experienced and talented. The enrollment bill is stating that he is singing around 50-100 men to battle in the military. The southerners were stunned in light of the fact that they didnt believe that Jefferson Davis would sign such a significant number of naiveté individuals. Davis said that they couldnt win the war without this. In 1861, he talked his last discourse before his ailment in the U.S. Senate. This was a sickness taking steps to lose his left eye. 1865, he was caught in a Casemate at Fortress Monroe for a long time. In jail, he offered his property to a previous slave name Ben Montgomery. Ben was a decent chief, technician and had just possessed a General Store. On December 6, 1889, he had kicked the bucket in New Orleans. He had passed on around 12:30 to 1:00am. He had hit many front pages in the Southern Newspapers which had tributes and acclaims on how significant he was and the amount they adored him. He kicked the bucket of mature age at 81 years old. This individual was significant on the grounds that he was the individual that the individuals in the South turned upward to. He was the president, which implied, he picked all the commanders and he ran the south to battle against the North. He was additionally significant on the grounds that he needed to withdraw from the United States. He didnt need to be a piece of the United States since he believed that Abraham Lincoln was going to remove their slaves. He was additionally an innovator in the Civil War Period. This encourages us what the South truly needed to do since the North said that servitude ought not be legitimate. This additionally shows us the past and why the South needed to keep subjugation legitimate and what they would do about it.

Why Suppressing Emotions Doesnt Work With BPD

Why Suppressing Emotions Doesn't Work With BPD BPD Living With BPD Print Suppressing Emotions and Borderline Personality Disorder By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 28, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on September 17, 2019 People Images / Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Many people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) will report that they spend a lot of time and energy suppressing emotions. If you have ever had an intense thought or feeling that you couldnt handle in the moment or felt overwhelmed by and tried to push away, you have experienced emotional suppression for yourself. Research shows that  not only is it ineffective in eliminating thoughts and feelings, but it may even worsen the situation. Suppressing Emotions   Emotional suppression is a type of emotional regulation strategy that is used to try and make uncomfortable thoughts and feelings more manageable. There are many different emotion regulation strategies and some are more helpful than others. For example, some people use meditation or mindfulness techniques to handle intense feelings, helping them relax and cope healthily. Others turn to alcohol or drugs to get rid of painful emotions. While this may work as an emotion regulation strategy in the short term, it definitely has negative long-term consequences. Suppressing emotions, or just trying to push emotional thoughts and feelings out of your mind, is an emotion regulation strategy many people use. When used from time to time, emotional suppression doesn’t have dramatic negative consequences. However, particularly for those with BPD, pushing emotions away all the time can lead to serious issues later on. The Consequences of Suppressing Emotions Researchers have studied what happens when you try to push away thoughts and feelings for decades. A famous 1987 study?? on this topic involved one group of people who were instructed to push away thoughts of a white bear. The other group was allowed to think about anything, including thoughts about a white bear. The group who had suppressed thoughts of a white bear actually ended up having more white bear thoughts than the group that had been allowed to think freely. This result is called the rebound effect of thought suppression. Essentially, if you try to push away a thought on some topic, you will end up having more thoughts about that topic. The same effect happens when you try to push away emotional thoughts. What This Means for You If you frequently try to push away thoughts and feelings, you may be making more trouble for yourself. In fact, its possible that this is setting up a vicious cycle: You have a painful emotion. You try to push it away. This leads to more painful emotions, which you try to push away and so on. Some researchers believe emotional suppression may be a reason that people with psychological conditions such as BPD, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)  and? obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) struggle with so many painful thoughts and emotions. New Strategies for Emotion Regulation The solution to suppressing emotions is to learn new, healthier ways to regulate your emotions. If you have lots of techniques to rely on, youre less likely to resort to pushing those thoughts away. For example, distracting yourself from an emotion by engaging in another activity may be a more effective way to regulate your emotions. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can also be helpful. The main goals of DBT involve teaching people how to live in the moment, tolerate distress, and improve relationships. One study  showed that DBT significantly improved emotional regulation after 12 months. What to Know About Dialectical Behavior Therapy A Word From Verywell If you suppress your emotions, theres a good chance youre adding even more distress to your life in the long term. It can be a hard habit to break if youve been using it to help you cope with pain. Reaching out to a licensed mental health professional can be key to helping you learn new coping strategies so you can deal with your discomfort in healthier ways. How to Find the Best Therapist for You

An Exploration into the Postmodern in The Unbearable Lightness of Being - Literature Essay Samples

Milan Kundera’s The Unbearable Lightness of Being outlines a richly detailed world of philosophical and metaphysical exploration. The novel projects and addresses a variety of sociocultural, political and ideological issues of the period of publication, with many of the events serving to draw parallels between the lives of the characters and the author himself. He utilizes elements of postmodern literature such as intertextuality, pastiche, temporal distortion and metafiction to convey the grandeur of man’s thoughts through the juxtaposition of the simple plot and complex abstract ideas. Through the use of these elements of the postmodern, Kundera exemplifies how every individual strives to develop and express his spiritual self through analysis and exploration of various arts and studies such as writing, music and philosophy rather than through direct, conventional communication. Through the use of pastiche and the recurring musical motif, the novel incorporates a plethora of music references, which are used to demonstrate the spiritually lifting, intellectual qualities of this art form and the way it allows individuals to reach a greater understanding of themselves and simultaneously to communicate with others with ease. The first glimpse of this melodious theme is presented in the conversation between Tomas and the director of a hospital, in which the actual notes of Beethoven’s last quarter are incorporated in the text, infusing the novel with a more holistic artistic feeling through the unorthodox structure. Tomas’s explanation of his resignation in the tone of Beethoven’s notes fuels the exploration of the significance of this musical movement in regard to the two characters’ own lives, described in detail as:â€Å"[t]his allusion to Beethoven was actually Tomas’ first step back to Tereza, because she was the one to bu y records of the Beethoven quartets and sonatas. The allusion was even more pertinent than he had thought because the Swiss doctor was a great music lover. Smiling serenely, he asked, in the melody of Beethoven’s motif, â€Å"Muss es sein?† â€Å"Ja, es muss sein!† Tomas said again† (32). The power of a single musical motif to evoke such strong individual reactions in the characters’ minds is a testament to the uplifting, ethereal power of music as an art form. The strong association in Tomas’ mind between Tereza and Beethoven’s compositions immediately induces him to feel nostalgia for their ephemeral domestic life. Through the juxtaposition of the unearthly nature of music and its metaphoric portrayal as the toiling, physical â€Å"first step† to their reunion, the author manages to infuse the musical motif with the transcendent qualities of art that allow self-actualization and communication beyond the realms of the corporeal. Moreover, through the usage of the tune, the situation between the two men is relieved, and the hospital director initially â€Å"in fact offended† (32) grows â€Å"smiling serenely†, peacefully accepting Tomas’ sudden resignation. The way pastiche is utilized to incorporate the original German phrase which inspired the musical movement, in combination with the laconic understanding achieved by the two characters serves to exemplify how interaction between individuals is carried out much better on the divine level of art. The idea of music as a spiritual assistant and conductor continues to appear in the novel as Tomas’s dependence on Beethoven’s motif as his credo in life is revealed. Guided by this intrinsic â€Å"Es muss sein!†, Tomas makes a lot of the decisions in his life based on the merit of whether he feels the moral obligation to proceed or not. The musical motif is augmented to encompass all of Tomas’ life, especially his medical career, dictating his every move as a surgeon. The importance and joy of surgery for him are exemplified through Beethoven’s quartet as â€Å"that was the â€Å"Es muss sein!† rooted deep inside him, and it was planted there not by chance, not by the chief’s sciatica, or by anything external† (194). The sharp refutation of all external motivation, achieved through the syntactic and lexical parallelism of â€Å"not by† and the emphasis of the musical motif metaphorically â€Å"rooted deep inside him [â € ¦] planted there† are employed to highlight the compelling effect music and its motifs can have on an individual, negating all outside influence and allowing him to reach equilibrium with his own innate self. The exploration and reassessment of this motif is continued through the metafictional introspection of the narrator later on in the text, revealing the true nature and conception of Beethoven’s quartet. The originally light-hearted story concerning Beethoven and Dembscher is alluded to in Kundera’s text, musing how â€Å"the words [†¦] had acquired a much more solemn ring; they seemed to issue directly from the lips of Fate† (195). In this passage, the omniscient narrator steps out of the scope of the novel and reveals the important background of the composition of Beethoven’s work, crucial to its understanding in the text. This intertextuality and the allusion to the personified Fates of Greek mythology are used to highlight the unearthly, unlimited power that an art medium such as music can possess. The description of the transformation of the motif’s connotation, in which the words â€Å"acquire a much more solemn ring†, evokes the se nse of spiritual change, so inherently rooted in the heavenly nature of music. This transforming quality of music is presented throughout the whole text as the characters’ decisions and moods are heavily influenced by the musical motif of Beethoven. Through it, the author effectively demonstrates how the richness and variety of music can dictate a person’s whole existence as well as his interaction with other individuals. The author takes a similarly sweeping approach in the exploration of writing as an art, incorporating many intertextual references and regularly breaking the fourth wall through metafiction to illustrate intellectual growth and one’s ability to freely express himself through the analysis of the characters and the plot rather than through straightforward character-character interaction. The most striking example of this introspection is the narrator’s analysis of each of the four individuals and his relation to them. While ascribing his qualities to each one of the four central characters, he muses how: â€Å"[s]taring impotently across a courtyard, at a loss for what to do during a moment of love; betraying, yet lacking the will to abandon the glamorous path of betrayal; raising one’s fist with the crowds in the grand March; displaying one’s wit before hidden microphones—I have known all these situations, I have experienced them myself, yet none of them has give rise to the person my curriculum vitae and I represent† (221). The enumeration of the various social situations presented in the characters’ own chapters evoke a sense of great philosophical and metaphysical awareness in the narrator’s mind. His experience with writing the story, conveyed through his extreme familiarity with the four central characters’ personal experiences highlights how virtuous, uplifting and illuminating the writing process can truly be. Through the postmodern technique of metafiction, the author bridges the gap between his own life and the seemingly abstract ideas conveyed in the text by giving the narrator’s account of writing the story within the novel. This is achieved through the repetition of the personal pronoun â€Å"I† and the emphasis on the omniscient nature of the narrator. The close analysis of complex human emotions and conditions such as â€Å"love, betrayal and wit† and the metafictio nal awareness of the narrator evoke a sense of a strong spiritual connection between himself and the art of writing. Through postmodernist writing techniques, the narrator also engages the topic of the Communist in Czechoslovakia, opening up to previously taboo subjects such as the Prague Spring and its infamous consequences. These references are incorporated in many ways, with one of the most prominent being the intertextual reference to â€Å"the â€Å"Two Thousand Words† [,the] glorious manifesto of the 1968 Prague Spring. It called for the radical democratization of the Communist regime. First it was signed by a number of intellectuals [and] anyone who admitted to having done so was summarily dismissed from his job† (212). This free disclosure of the details of the oppression creates a sense of confidence in regard to the author’s unabashed courage in coming forward and scrutinizing the Communist party so freely. The strength of writing as a medium which allows both personal, spiritual self-reflection and social critique is supported through such frank commentaries on the r egime in Czechoslovakia. Through postmodernist writing techniques such as intertextuality and metafiction, Kundera aims to portray writing as a social art form that achieves self-actualization alongside real cultural impact. By utilizing these elements, he makes a two-fold argument: writing about writing is a exemplary medium for spiritual and intellectual exploration, and one is free to do so without becoming the victim of censorship all while making social progress. Milan Kundera’s novel is a labyrinth of philosophical and spiritual ideas and concepts, expertly woven through the synthesis of postmodernist literary techniques such as pastiche, intertextuality and metafiction. Through the skillful usage of these elements, the author successfully testifies to the vast opportunities that one has upon finding spiritual and physical freedom. Once granted this freedom, a person can extraordinarily develop his intellectual and sacred self through emphasis on arts and studies such as music, philosophy and literature.

The Diver - 810 Words

se Nature of Psychology The Diverse Nature of Psychology Christine Woyner PSY 490 September 19, 2011 Edna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology The diverse nature of psychology begins with making a difference in a diverse setting. This involves the implementation of critical psychology concepts, subdisciplines and subtopics, motivation, behaviorism, and cognition. Moreover, these subdisciplines and subtopics may be applied to other disciplines in contemporary society. In addition, this paper will include the subdisciplines and subtopics to theoretical perspectives, and concludes with the psychological contribution in areas of work, education, health, and leisure. Diversity on Psychology’s Major Concepts The†¦show more content†¦To support these theoretical perspectives, personality and identity are psychological outcomes through a degree of difference from parent or environment (Dunkle amp; Harbke, 2009). Early schools of thought define disciplines and subtopics through psychological anthropology or the study of humankind. Although, more practical reasons for psychological needs when approaching humankind, Research and data suggests a two-sided relationship between the professional and the clients. This is how science reveals varied personalities in different fields (Boas, 1963, Revised Allen, 1998). Conclusion In conclusion, subdisciplines and subtopics are major concepts when analyzing the diverse nature of psychology. These subdisciplines and subtopics identify motivation or theory of emotion, behaviorism and behavior of others, and cognition including cognitive dissonance. Emotional, behavioral and biological approaches have much significance in these subdiscipline s and subtopics to elaborate on. Accordingly, there is more emphasis on each discipline and subtopics that contribute to society in the areas of work, education, health, and leisure. References Boas, F. (1963). 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Scuba divers get to explore new, exciting, and breathtaking regions in the ocean that many people never get to experience in their whole lives. Scuba divers hold important roles in society because of the discoveries they make on a daily basis. They provide much needed research that is important in the scientific community regarding newly discovered marine species. Scuba divers get the opportunity to explore exceptionally beautiful oceanRead MoreCoral Divers Case Study Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesAfter investigating Coral Di vers diligently, I am delighted to be hired as a consultant to evaluate Coral Divers strategic situation. Based on my findings, I believe Coral Divers is in a decreasing state of financials and diminishing competitive position. Their net income is negative and increasing in 2005 through 2007. In addition, there is a lack of differentiators at Coral Divers, hindering them from their competition. 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He caters to customers looking for a resort package that includes diving. This case discusses a decline in revenues for the three-year period of 2005-2007. His options include: selling the resort, partnering with another business, focusing on higher margin businessRead MoreCoral Divers and Loblaws Case Answers2367 Words   |  10 PagesN: Management Policy Part I Coral Divers Resort: Case Analysis Synopsis Coral Divers Resort (CDR) is a small, but well-regarded, diving resort in New Providence Island in the Bahamas. It is owned by Jonathon Greywell, who work full-time at the resort and is a diving instructor certified by PADI and NAUI. CDR had established a solid reputation as a safe and knowledgeable scuba diving resort that offered not only diving, but also a beachfront location. Many divers had come to prefer CDR over the otherRead MoreBusiness Feasibility Operations And Strategy : Green Divers1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Business Feasibility Operations and Strategy: Green Divers We all want to follow our passions and land our dream job straight out of college right? I know I do and I also know that I’d rather work for myself than work for the man. In order for this to happen there is no better plan than for me to create my own business. I think of stuff all the time and I’ve been writing ideas down for a long time and a finally think I may be on to something, which is the purpose of this paper. In this document

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Addiction And Substance Abuse Drugs - 1021 Words

Nicolo Vitale Mrs. Martinez English 3 March 30, 2016 Addiction and Substance Abuse Addiction and substance abuse is a crime that has plagued the U.S. ever since the early 1900 s and from that point on has been an uphill battle for the U.S. to stop. But even with everything the U.S. has tried nothing that has been done has even made a dent in the drug war. Drugs just continue to hit the very streets that innocent people live on. Today people walk right outside their house and just around the corner, there is some guy that has the ability to sell them drugs. That is why the war on drugs in the U.S. has failed miserably because the number of people and high schoolers that are using drugs is still increasing, drug tests do not do anything to discourage using drugs and almost everyone knows how to cheat the tests, and legalizing drugs, such as marijuana and other low level drugs, would allow the U.S. to have more control over drugs in the end. The U.S. has tried many different policies and methods to end the war on drugs but so far addiction and substance abuse continues to rise amongst Americans. The U.S. thinks that the best way to end the war is by replacing and issuing new policies every so often when every policy before that has not seemed to change anything. The National Institute on Drug Abuse did a study in 2012 that showed an increase of 30% in high schoolers that were using drugs and that was only in two decades (Addiction). Apparently not even high schoolers areShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction And Substance Abuse1808 Words   |  8 Pageshas taken over their life? Addiction includes biological, psychological, and behavioral factors. It is very dangerous emotionally, psychologically, and physically. Drug addiction or substance abuse is an ongoing uncontrollable need to use drugs, despite the harmful or negative consequences it causes. The person depends on drugs to keep functioning normally as the natural chem ical balance of the brain is altered. No matter the reason a person starts abusing drugs, either for excitement, escapeRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Drug Addiction814 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse and drug addiction affects people from all walks of life. Drugs are available to those who want to consume them. Even though there vast amounts of literature and other informative and preventive data, people still choose to abuse drugs. Unfortunately, most of them become addicts and find it very difficult to escape their addiction for the reason that underlying issues may be causing them to seek and use drugs. There exists a number of special populations that are identified and mayRead MoreSubstance Abuse, Drug Traffickers And Addicts On How Religion Can Help Individuals On Their Addictions2351 Words   |  10 PagesIn this paper I will be discussing religion, science, substance abuse, drug traffickers and addicts on how religion can help individuals on their addictions, and how clergy members need to have more training on substance abuse. In religion it has been known that the clergy members are not educated as they should be on substance abuse and because of this it becomes a problem (Califano, and Sheehan 8). Then within the health care providers and psychiatrists, the issue with them is that they doRead MoreThe Ethics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse1579 Words   |  6 PagesEthics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse For any professional working in the substance abuse treatment field, they will very likely come across situations and be presented with dilemmas relating to personal beliefs, judgments, and values. Drug or substance use and abuse have been a controversial and heated topic around the world for centuries. Drug abuse, in a way, is a facet of human culture that has been present for a great deal of human history in general. Every culture handles the issue of drug abuseRead MoreSubstance Abuse: Crisis Intervention1352 Words   |  5 Pages Substance abuse: Crisis intervention To the outsider, the lives of substance abusers often look like a series of crises waiting to happen. Often, the extent to which substance abuse is causing devastation in the life of the sufferer is more manifest to outsiders such as friends or relatives than the abuser him or herself. Crises relating to substance abuse may be biologically-related (such as a medical crisis brought about by abuse); legally related (a conviction for abusing an illegal drugRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability toRead MoreAddiction : The Problem Of Addiction Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction Students stroll in to class, their Venti iced soy vanilla lattes in hand rather than a notebook and pen. Keurig coffeemakers are commonplace in college dorm rooms. Colleges boast the number of Starbucks shops they have on campus. Just a month into the school year, and already many students’ bodies are becoming tolerant to caffeine, needing more and more of it to achieve the desired boost of energy, and if not given their fix, rebelling by causing headaches and irritability. Could itRead MoreEssay on Social Aspect of Substance Abuse1001 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction is a difficult disease that involves several different factors including biological, psychological and sociological aspects. Anderson (1997) states that substance use refers generally to the ingestion of illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, PCP, amphetamines, etc. The use of illicit drugs, such as alcohol and nicotine, are less frequently included in this definition, despite their widespread use and undisputed potential for harm. Substance abuseRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effects On Society1285 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance abuse has existed since the start of civilization and it is an ever present entity in the modern era as well. Distilled beverages were the main drinking source in many cases even safer to drink than water in early civilizations, for instance during the Middle Ages. Many substances were also used in medicine derived from certain plants for anesthetics such as opioids from poppy seeds. In addition, nicotine and tobacco products and other hallucinogenic substances were used for recreationalRead MoreSubstance Abusers: A Vulnerable Population Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to be describing the characteristics of substance abusers. Next, give the common health issue and needs. Then, give specific resources that Peoria have to offer. Finally, how substance abuse relates to Healthy People 2020. Overall, this will give o ne an overview of the vulnerable population such as substance abusers. Characteristics of the population Substance abuse is when a person want their mind to be altered with the use of drugs. Substance abuse affect all ages, race, religion, and income

Abortion Essay - 2532 Words

Abortion has been and still is one of the most controversial topics in American culture. The reason for the controversy is the different viewpoints of this very personal matter. Some believe that abortion is the same as murder. Others believe it’s a personal choice which only they have the right to make. Due to the nature of the procedure and the concerns associated with ending a pregnancy, abortion will continue to top the list of â€Å"touchy† subjects in American politics and culture. As a pro-choice advocate, it is important for the right to have an abortion to be established and protected. An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. The most common abortion procedure is the vacuum aspiration or suction curettage. This is performed†¦show more content†¦Still, many people believe that women should not be given this right. They argue that the fetus growing inside her also has rights and that they should be protected. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The pro-choice/pro-life movement has spread throughout the country, and everyone has a side or at least an opinion on the issue. The people who support the â€Å"pro-choice† side argue that women have the right to make any and every decision belonging to their body. Women can not and should not be forced to continue an unwanted pregnancy - It is against their right as humans, to live freely and be protected under the constitution. Pro-choice advocates believe that instead of banning abortion, women should be educated on sex and birth control methods. They believe women should have access to both of these at an early age, most important in school. The reason being, that a growing number of women having abortions are young women. Therefore, it makes more sense to them, if prevention instead of abstinence is taught in schools. It is unrealistic, in their opinion to push for young women to not have sex. It is a known fact that the age at which a woman enga ges in sexual intercourse is dropping and this should be signal for change in the ways women are being educated. So instead of restricting or taking a woman’s right to choose, the government should focus on educating woman and letting her make her own decisions. This has been a hard thing toShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion meas ures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers. At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produceRead MoreIs Abortion Wrong? Abortion?1321 Words   |  6 PagesIs Abortion Wrong? There continues to be a hot debate on abortion. Some people feel that this issue is neither right nor wrong, just simply a â€Å"to each his own† idiom. Those who are for abortion, tend to believe a woman has a right to decide what goes in her body and if she is capable of bringing life into this world. On the other side, there is an equal fervent opposition that killing an innocent unborn baby is wrong and unjustly, murder in the first degree of a helpless baby. Not only are they

Fast Food Argument Free Essays

Fast food is unhealthy; leads to obesity and disease, but the convenience and addictiveness of it contributes to the laziness of the general population. Most people eat fast food for the lack of time then having prepare a decent meal. It seems as though there is a fast food restaurant on every street corner while driving home. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now The general population oversees the fact that eating nothing but these greasy foods will attribute to weight gain. Fast food is addictive for the convenience of it and in which it tastes so good. Additionally, the variety of fast food restaurants provides timely manners for people with different work hours; compared to whom works a normal nine to five job. For instance, people try dieting and then will starve their body by not eating anything at all or just salads that will go nowhere fast. The human body needs heavy calories to burn off and produce healthy enzymes and glycogen. Specifically, this helps produce bigger muscles and thicker bone density. Eating nothing at all will still not help a person get healthier because the human brain needs carbohydrates and proteins to function properly. Naturally, eating too much fast food leads to obesity which leads to diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure; which then leads to laziness. Laziness is one of the biggest factors to weight gain. What a vicious circle this is; being too tired to cook after working all day, the convenience of fast food then laziness and furthermore, the unnecessary results of obesity and disease. How to cite Fast Food Argument, Essay examples

Fast Food Argument Free Essays

Fast food is unhealthy; leads to obesity and disease, but the convenience and addictiveness of it contributes to the laziness of the general population. Most people eat fast food for the lack of time then having prepare a decent meal. It seems as though there is a fast food restaurant on every street corner while driving home. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now The general population oversees the fact that eating nothing but these greasy foods will attribute to weight gain. Fast food is addictive for the convenience of it and in which it tastes so good. Additionally, the variety of fast food restaurants provides timely manners for people with different work hours; compared to whom works a normal nine to five job. For instance, people try dieting and then will starve their body by not eating anything at all or just salads that will go nowhere fast. The human body needs heavy calories to burn off and produce healthy enzymes and glycogen. Specifically, this helps produce bigger muscles and thicker bone density. Eating nothing at all will still not help a person get healthier because the human brain needs carbohydrates and proteins to function properly. Naturally, eating too much fast food leads to obesity which leads to diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure; which then leads to laziness. Laziness is one of the biggest factors to weight gain. What a vicious circle this is; being too tired to cook after working all day, the convenience of fast food then laziness and furthermore, the unnecessary results of obesity and disease. How to cite Fast Food Argument, Essay examples

Ineffective Meetings Selective In Nature †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: How can a chairperson keep the meeting focused on the agenda? How does discussion impose the biggest challenge in a meeting? Answers: Contrast the characteristics of effective and effective meetings Firstly, effective meetings are inclusive while ineffective meetings are selective in nature. Effective meetings aim at including the ideas and opinions of each member who is involved in the meeting. On the other hand, ineffective meetings are selective. Those in authority make decisions their own decisions. The views of most of the members in the meeting are not represented. Secondly, the agenda in effective meetings can be fixed or flexible while in ineffective meetings, the agenda is fixed. In effective meetings, members are free to discuss agenda deeply where there is a need for such discussion. On ineffective meetings, seniors have hidden agenda and therefore such meetings tend to be rigid. Thirdly, in effective meetings, leaders do not use their power to oppress other members while in ineffective meetings, positional power is mostly used by leaders to dictate what should be done. Explain why it is important to have a meeting agenda, and how a meeting agenda could improve participants meeting engagement Agenda are important because they help those involved in a particular meeting, to identify the major topics of discussion of that day. Members, therefore, have knowledge of what should be discussed. Unplanned topics should not be brought to the table. Secondly, agenda help people to do away with excuses. The agenda of discussion of a meeting are prior given to the members to ensure that they prepare for the meeting. One can therefore not complain that he or she was not ready for discussion when the agenda is available. Thirdly, agenda help people to get serious and ready for discussions(A. Allen Beck 2014). When people have agenda to focus on, they become serious keeping in mind that their views are important in that particular meeting. They, therefore, do not waste time during the day of the meeting. To improve member engagement and participation, the agenda should be distributed among the participants to ensure that everybody actively participates in that particular meeting. Decisions on all the agenda will, therefore, be made from this discussion. Every member should feel free to share his or her ideas based on the agenda scheduled for that day. First of all, the chairperson should control the meeting by ensuring that the members do not deviate from the topic of discussion. The chairman interrupts with the opinions of a member who brings another issue of discussion, which is not part of the discussion of that day. Secondly, the chairperson, with the help of the members, should set a specific time of discussion for each agendum. This ensures that there is no extra time for discussion of unscheduled ideas. Thirdly, the chairperson should remind the members of the major ideas of discussion to ensure that they maintain their focus on those ideas. He or she should also remind the members of the same, as the meeting proceeds. Select and name the common pieces of accurate and error free documentation required for the meeting, and what attributes should they display? One of the key documents required for a meeting is the attendance sheet. This is a document designed by rows and columns, which is used to display the names of those who attended the meeting. The names of the attendees are filed in this document with respect to other information such contact and position in the organization. The code of conduct is another important document. It is also called the code of ethics. This document displays the rules and regulations which govern that organization. Every member in the meeting is required by the law, to abide by those rules. A copy of the previous meeting is also an important document in a meeting. This one should be accurately prepared. After confirmation, it is signed by the chairperson and the secretary. It displays the issues which were discussed in the previous meeting. Outline and organize the key factors to consider when distributing documents, and recording and producing minutes within the designated timeline When distributing documents, it is important to ensure that each member in a meeting gets a copy or access to the document distributed. This helps to make sure that everyone in the meeting is aware and contributes to discussions based on that particular meeting document. The documents should be neat and clear. When recording minutes and other meeting documents, accuracy should be an essential factor to consider. This helps to ensure that recorded issues are true and as discussed(Mandl, Hauser Mandl 2013). When producing minutes, care should be taken to ensure that the minutes do not fall into hands of third-hand parties. Discuss the task and maintenance roles of the members of a meeting and give examples of each role Some of the task roles are as outlined below. The information seeker has the role of looking for information from different primary and secondary sources while still putting into practice the relevant facts.An evaluator has the role of critically examining issues according to the basis of certain theories and logic. For example, an evaluator may use theories such as AbrahamsMaslows theory, to explain why some basic issues should be first dealt with, and not others. On maintenance roles, the harmonizer has the responsibility of uniting the members, when differences arise among them. His or her major role is to spread peace, harmony, and unity among the group members. For instance, when a certain member becomes aggressive, the harmonizer cools him or her down. A follower, on the other hand, is less involved in the discussion but keeps into account all that is being mentioned. He or she is usually not too talkative and does not actively participate in the meeting. For instance, such a member will record in a notebook; the issues discussed but may not raise any question regarding them. Explain the terms defensive role and dysfunctional role Defensive roles are those roles which aim at protecting an organization or a board when serious crises arise. These include lawyers, security officers among other experts in that field. On the other hand, dysfunctional roles refer to those roles, which are not in any way helpful to the organization. These roles are performed by aggressors, play personals, noise makers among many others. They have no positive contribution to the meeting or organization. Discussion, though a good method of expressing ideas may be very challenging in meetings. Meetings are scheduled to take place within a certain period of time. Discussion forces people to talk so much as they question and answer each other. Most of the issues might be repeated in discussions as different members air out their views and opinions. Discussions also give an opportunity to those who play dysfunctional roles, to intervene and brings compromising issues which might lead to disagreements and even wastage of time. Describe how the chairperson can guide the discussion. The chairperson can lead a discussion by following a certain criterion. If it is the first time the members are meeting, the chairperson should take the initiative to introduce the members by their names and possibly by their position, after which they should feel free to communicate and give their opinions. The chairperson can now proceed and deduce a topic of discussion. The topic should be understandable to all members in the meeting. He or she should now foster an open process through which the members can discuss their ideas and opinions in an orderly manner. In this process, the chairperson should make sure that all members in the meeting are actively involved. Those members who seem to be dormant or partially passive in the meeting should be provoked to air out their ideas. The chairperson, with the help of other members, should ask questions to enquire more advanced clarifications on disturbing issues. The chairperson should now guide the members to summarize their discussion and findings and finally come up with relevant solutions to issues discussed. He or she should now give his or her end remarks and guide the members to make plans for future discussion. By so doing, a chairperson can effectively lead discussions Identify the follow-up activities to a meeting. There are several follow up activities that may make meetings successful. To start with, the chairperson should follow up closely and ensure that they are published. Members are usually likely to react positively to issues when action towards them is taken promptly. The published minutes should be complete and error free, including important details such as date, venue and time, attendees, major agenda discussed, and agreements made. Additionally, the leader of the meeting should follow up members who are assigned tasks during the meeting, before the next meeting is conducted. This helps to make sure that all tasks are under constant progress and all activities are accomplished as per the stated dates and time. Debriefing is another major follow up activities which make meetings effective. This is the process in which the leader of the meeting questions the members on how issues and activities are handled. This is usually carried out after the meeting. Members give their opinions on the strengths of the meeting, and where implementation of changes should be done. What steps can the meeting chairperson take, both during and after meeting, to ensure that the minutes are accurate and reflect the decisions taken at the meeting? To ensure that minutes are accurate, the chairperson should keep a record of the major issues discussed and solutions of the discussion. This will help him or her, to compare his or her records with those of the secretary or the recorder of the meeting. Additionally, the chairperson should often remind the minute taker to record some major solutions to problems of the issues discussed, as the meeting proceeds. During the publication of the minutes, the chairperson should confirm that the meetings are accurately recorded before the final document, (which will be used as the previous minutes in the next meeting), is printed and published. Explain why it is important to take accurate minutes of a meeting but not to record the conversation verbatim Recording accurate minutes is very important. First of all, minutes are very important in providing protection to a company or organization. When crises occur, the court might ask for the previous minutes, to confirm issues discussed. An organization can fall into serious crises when this documentation is not available. Secondly, minutes are used to measure the success or failure of an organization. It is through the minutes that decisions made can be evaluated if they were put into practice. Additionally, the action is taken in reference to the issues discussed and recorded in minutes. References Allen, J Beck, T 2014, 'Understanding workplace meetings: A qualitative taxonomy of meeting purposes', Management Research Review, pp. 791-814. Mandl, C, Hauser, M Mandl, H 2013, 'Interdependency of Meetings and Organizations', In The Co-creative Meeting, pp. 21-27.

To Kill Or Not To Kill Essays - Crime, Misconduct,

To Kill Or Not To Kill Capital punishment has been in effect since the 1600's (Cole 451). However, in 1972 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment, which was unconstitutional according to the Eighth amendment. It was public opinion that the current methods of execution, hanging, electrocution, and facing a firing squad, were too slow and painful upon the person to be executed (Cole 451). The U.S. Supreme Court reversed this decision when a cleaner way to bring about death was found in 1976. This cleaner way is death by lethal injection, which is quick and painless if administered right (Cole 450). Since capital punishment has been reinstituted many people have argued for and against capital punishment. Some say the death penalty is what the criminal deserves while others object to it because death is irreversible. I feel the death penalty is a good form of justice because only about 250 people a year get the death penalty and they are guilty beyond a doubt and d on't deserve living with the possibility of parole. The sentencing judge or jury are ordered by the Supreme Court to look for specific aggravating and mitigating factors in deciding which convicted murderers should be sentenced to death (Cole 451). Some of these mitigating factors are the defendant's motivation, character, personal history, and most of all remorse (Costanzo). Every year approximately 250 new offenders are added to death row. In 1994 there were 2,850 persons awaiting execution. Yet no more than thirty-eight people have been executed a year since 1976. This is a ridiculously low number compared to 199 persons executed in 1935 (all from Cole 451). The reason for this slow execution rate is the process of appeals, from sentencing to execution there is about a seven to eight year wait. The convict's cases' are reviewed by the state courts and through the federal courts (Cole 451). With all this opportunity for the case to be turned over or the sentence to be changed it is almost impossible for an innocent person to be executed. Only two people have been proved innocent after their execution in the United States. These wrongful deaths occurred in 1918 and 1949 (Death Penalty Discussion). Since then the justice system has undergone a lot of fine tuning making this extremely unlikely today. One argument against the death penalty is that it costs less to imprison someone for life than to execute them (Death Penalty Discussion). This is a good point that has a lot of impact on a lot of peoples views regarding capital punishment since they are the ones footing the bill through taxes. I personally would not mind paying the little bit extra just so I know for sure that there's one less murderer on our planet. If the death penalty was done away with, prisoners who should have been executed will be mixed in with other inmates. It would be possible and not too unlikely for them to kill another inmate or possibly a prison guard. If someone is lined up for execution then they more than likely deserve it. They have caused a great deal of grief to the family and friends of the victim or victims and it seems like the only way justice could be served is for the criminal to die. For the person to simply go to jail seems unfair. There they will eat three meals a day, get to watch cable t.v., and befriend other inmates. They live a pretty decent life in prison and they don't deserve it. Out of the fifty states in the United States 37 have and use capital punishment. Out of the same fifty states only 18 have life imprisonment with out parole. In the other 32 states a person who should've been executed can be released after as little as 20 years in prison (Death Penalty). There are certain standards that are followed in giving out capital punishment. The defendant can not be insane, and the mans rea or criminal intent must be present. Also, minors very rarely receive the death penalty because they are not fully mature and might not know the consequences of their actions. Finally the mentally retarded are very

Essay Samples For Business School - What Can You Learn From This Book?

Essay Samples For Business School - What Can You Learn From This Book?Business essay samples for business school can be an invaluable resource to those new to the profession. When you have a strong foundation, you can start to write an essay that will impress your professors and readers alike.Essay samples for business school are invaluable because they will provide you with the basic information you need to craft an effective college-level composition. Whether you are writing a short business or essay, your writer's journal is one of the most powerful tools available to you. Here are some tips on using them to your advantage.While you are composing an essay for college, it is important to remember that your essay needs to be strong. You do not want to rush through it. This is especially true if you are writing a business or research paper. But a good writing guide will help you generate ideas that will help to keep your topic interesting.You will find that your business essay sample s for business school will contain material that has already been tested in an actual college course. This includes information that you will be familiar with and methods that have been tested by your professor or fellow students. Not only will this make the work more likely to be successful, but it will give you the confidence that you are using the methods correctly. Plus, the information you receive from other writers will give you a foundation for your essay.Business essay samples for business school are full of information that you can use to your advantage. As mentioned earlier, this information will also be tested in actual college course. If you think that a particular method of writing would be difficult, you should simply write another one using the same information and techniques.Using this information to your advantage will be easy when you use the business essay samples for business school that are listed here. If yousimply change the format, you will have a more effect ive project than one using your own ideas.These are just a few tips on how to use the business essay samples for business school that are available. By making use of the information provided here, you will be able to come up with the best essay that you can.

Mies van der Rohe and Neo-Miesian Architecture

Mies van der Rohe and Neo-Miesian Architecture The United States has a love-hate relationship with Mies van der Rohe. Some say he stripped architecture of all humanity, creating cold, sterile, and unlivable environments. Others praise his work, saying he created architecture in its most pure form. Believing that less is more, Mies van der Rohe became the designer of rational, minimalist skyscrapers, houses, and furniture. Along with the Viennese architect Richard Neutra (1892–1970) and the Swiss architect  Le Corbusier  (1887–1965),  Mies van der Rohe not only set the standard for all modernist design but brought European modernism to America. Background Maria Ludwig Michael Mies was born on March 27, 1886, in Aachen, Germany. He changed his name in 1912 when he opened his own design practice in Berlin, adopting his mothers maiden name, van der Rohe. In todays world of one-name wonders, he is simply called  Mies  (pronounced  Meez  or often  Mees). Education Ludwig Mies van der Rohe began his career in his familys stone-carving business in Germany, learning about the trade from his father who was a master mason and stonecutter. When he was a teenager, he worked as a draftsman for several architects. Later, he moved to Berlin, where he found work in the offices of architect and furniture designer Bruno Paul and industrial architect Peter Behrens. Career Early in his life, Mies van der Rohe began experimenting with steel frames and glass walls, a style that would become known as International. He was the third director of the Bauhaus School of Design, after Walter Gropius and Hannes Meyer, from 1930 until it disbanded in 1933. He moved to the United States in 1937, and for 20 years (1938–1958), he was the director of architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), where he taught his students to build first with wood, then stone, and then brick before progressing to concrete and steel. He believed that architects must completely understand their materials before they can design. Although Mies was not the first architect to practice simplicity in design, he carried the ideals of rationalism and minimalism to new levels. His glass-walled Farnsworth House near Chicago stirred controversy and legal battles. His bronze and glass Seagram Building in New York City (designed in collaboration with Philip Johnson) is considered Americas first glass skyscraper. The Meis philosophy that less is more became a guiding principle for architects in the mid-20th century, and many of the worlds skyscrapers are modeled after his designs. What Is Neo-Miesian? Neo  means  new.  Miesian  refers to Mies van der Rohe. Neo-Miesian  builds upon the beliefs and approaches that Mies practiced- the less is more minimalist buildings in glass and steel. Although Miesian buildings are unornamented, they are not plain.  For example, the famous Farnsworth House combines glass walls with pristine white steel columns. Believing that God is in the details, Mies van der Rohe achieved visual richness through his meticulous and sometimes surprising choice of materials. The towering glass Seagram Building uses bronze beams to accentuate the structure. Interiors juxtapose the whiteness of stone against the swooping, fabric-like wall panels. Some critics call the 2011 Pritzker Prize-winning Portuguese architect Eduardo Souto de Moura neo-Miesian. Like Mies, Souto de Moura (born in 1952) combines simple forms with complex textures. In their citation, the Pritzker Prize jury noted that Souto de Moura has the confidence to use stone that is a thousand years old or to take inspiration from a modern detail by Mies van der Rohe. Although nobody has called Pritzker Laureate Glenn Murcutt (born in 1936) a neo-Miesian, Murcutts simple designs show a Miesian influence. Many of  Murcutts houses in Australia, like the Marika-Alderton House, are elevated on stilts and built on above-ground platforms- taking a page from the Farnsworth House playbook. The Farnsworth House was built in a floodplain, and Murcutts above-ground coastal houses are raised for protection from tidal surges. But Murcutt builds on van der Rohes design- circulating air not only cools the house but also helps keep the Australian critters from finding easy shelter. Perhaps Mies thought of that, too. Death On August 17, 1969, at the age of 83, Mies van der Rohe died of esophageal cancer at Chicago’s Wesley Memorial Hospital. He is buried in nearby Graceland Cemetery. Important Buildings Some of the more notable building designs by Meis, include: 1928-29: Barcelona Pavilion1950: The Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois1951: Lake Shore Drive Apartments, Chicago1956: Crown Hall, Chicago1958: Seagram Building, New York (with Philip Johnson)1959-74: Federal Center, Chicago Furniture Designs Some of the more notable furniture designs by Meis, include: 1927: Side Chair (MR 10)1929: The Barcelona ® Chair1930: Brno Flat Bar Chair1948: Mies allowed one of his protà ©gà ©s, Florence Knoll, exclusive rights to produce his furniture. Learn more from Knoll, Inc.

The Unexpected Presidency of Gerald R. Ford

The Unexpected Presidency of Gerald R. Ford Becoming vice president or President of the United States are no small feats. But between 1973 and 1977, Gerald R. Ford did both- without ever getting a single vote. How did he do that? In the early 1950s, when Michigans Republican Party leaders urged him to run for the  U.S. Senate  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ generally considered the next step to the presidency – Ford declined, stating that his ambition was to become  Speaker of the House, a position he called the ultimate achievement† at the time. â€Å"To sit up there and be the head honcho of 434 other people and have the responsibility, aside from the achievement, of trying to run the greatest  legislative  body in the history of mankind,† said Ford, â€Å"I think I got that ambition within a year or two after I was in the House of Representatives.† But after over a decade of putting forth his best efforts, Ford continually failed to be chosen as a speaker. Finally, he promised his wife Betty that if the speakership eluded him again in 1974, he would retire from Congress and political life in 1976. But far from returning to the farm, Gerald Ford was about to become the first person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected to either office.   Suddenly, its Vice President Ford In October 1973, President  Richard M. Nixon  was serving his second term in the White House when his Vice President  Spiro Agnew  resigned before pleading no contest to federal charges of tax evasion and money laundering related to his acceptance of $29,500 in bribes while governor of Maryland. In the first ever application of the vice-presidential vacancy provision of the  25th Amendment  to the U.S. Constitution, President Nixon nominated then House Minority Leader Gerald Ford to replace Agnew. On November 27, the Senate voted 92 to 3 to confirm Ford, and on December 6, 1973, the House confirmed Ford by a vote of 387 to 35. One hour after the House voted, Ford was sworn in as Vice President of the United States.   When he agreed to accept President Nixons nomination, Ford told Betty that the Vice Presidency would be a nice conclusion to his political career. Little did they know, however,  that Fords political career was anything but over.   The Unexpected Presidency of Gerald Ford As Gerald Ford was getting used to the idea of being vice president,  a spellbound nation was watching the  Watergate scandal  unfold.   During the 1972 presidential campaign, five men employed by President Nixons Committee to Re-elect the President had allegedly broken into the Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington D.C.s Watergate hotel, in an attempt to steal information related to Nixons opponent, George McGovern. On August 1, 1974, after weeks of accusations and denials, President Nixons Chief of Staff Alexander Haig visited Vice President Ford to tell him that the smoking gun evidence in the form of Nixon’s secret Watergate tapes had been exposed. Haig told Ford that conversations on the tapes left little doubt that President Nixon had taken part in, if not ordered, the cover-up of the Watergate break-in. At the time of Haigs visit, Ford and his wife Betty were still living in their suburban Virginia home while the vice presidents residence in Washington, D.C. was being renovated. In his memoirs, Gord would later say of the day, Al Haig asked to come over and see me, to tell me that there would be a new tape released on a Monday, and he said the evidence in there was devastating and there would probably be either an impeachment or a resignation. And he said, Im just warning you that youve got to be prepared, that these things might change dramatically and you could become president. And I said, Betty, I dont think were ever going to live in the vice presidents house.   With his impeachment almost certain, President Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974. According to the process of presidential succession, Vice President Gerald R. Ford was immediately sworn in as the 38th President of the United States.  Ã‚   In a live, nationally televised speech from the East Room of the White House, Ford stated, I am acutely aware that you have not elected me as your president by your ballots, and so I ask you to confirm me as your president with your prayers.   President Ford went on to add, My fellow Americans, our long national nightmare is over. Our Constitution works; our great Republic is a government of laws and not of men. Here, the people rule. But there is a higher power, by whatever name we honor Him, who ordains not only righteousness but love, not only justice but mercy. Let us restore the golden rule to our political process, and let brotherly love purge our hearts of suspicion and hate.   When the dust had settled, Fords prediction to Betty had come true. The couple moved into the White House without ever living in the vice presidents house.   As one of his first official acts, President Ford exercised Section 2 of the 25th Amendment and nominated Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York to be vice president. On August 20, 1974, both Houses of Congress voted to confirm the nomination and Mr. Rockefeller took the oath of office December 19, 1974.   Ford Pardons Nixon On September 8, 1974, President Ford granted former President Nixon a full and unconditional presidential pardon absolving him of any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president. In a nationally televised TV broadcast, Ford explained his reasons for granting the controversial pardon, stating that the Watergate situation had become â€Å"a tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must.† About the 25th Amendment Had it happened prior to the ratification of the 25th Amendment on Februayr 10, 1967, the resignations of Vice President Agnew and then President Nixon would have almost certainly triggered a monumental constitutional crisis.The 25th Amendment  superseded the wording of Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the Constitution, which failed to clearly state that the vice president becomes president if the president dies, resigns, or otherwise becomes incapacitated and unable to perform the duties of the office. It also specified the current method and order of presidential succession. Prior to the 25th Amendment, there had been incidents when the president was incapacitated. For example, when President Woodrow Wilson suffered a debilitating stroke on October 2, 1919, he was not replaced in office, as First Lady Edith Wilson, along with the White House Physician, Cary T. Grayson, covered up the extent of President Wilsons disability.  For the next 17 months, Edith Wilson actually carried out many presidential duties.   On 16 occasions, the nation had gone without a vice president because of the vice president had died or had become president through succession. For example, there was no vice president for almost four years after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, prompted Congress to push for a constitutional amendment. Early, erroneous reports that Vice President Lyndon Johnson had also been shot created several chaotic hours in the federal government. Happing so soon after the Cuban Missile Crisis and with Cold War tensions still at a fever pitch, the Kennedy assassination forced Congress to come up with a specific method of determining presidential succession. New President Johnson experienced several health issues, and the next two officials in line for the presidency were 71-year-old Speaker of the House John Cormack and 86-year-old Senate President Pro Tempore Carl Hayden. Within three months of Kennedys death, the House and Senate passed a joint resolution that would be submitted to the states as the 25th Amendment. On February 10, 1967, Minnesota and Nebraska became the 37th and 38th states to ratify the amendment, making it the law of the land.

Trobriander Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trobriander Culture - Essay Example The yam is the very object that can give a man political and economic power, however it is the one thing he can not grow for himself. This fact is the basis for the way the Trobriander culture functions. To understand the importance f the yam in the Trobriander culture, one must understand who grows and distributes the yams. It all starts with the preparation f the land. Due to the poor soil in the area, the Trobrianders use 'slash and burn' or 'swidden' cultivation to enrich the soil with minerals. Although married couples work together to prepare the yam fields, growing yams is primarily the man's job. The man uses young people to help him in his yam garden. He will later pay them with yams he receives. They may use this to buy things from the trading store or to buy secrets about the land and how it came into possession by the owners. Although it is the man that labors rigorously to grow the yams, they are never really his to use. The yams are grown for a single woman, usually his sister; therefore the garden is named after her. Although the yams are grown for a mans sister, it is her husband that will use the yams for political maneuvering. The yams, after staying on display at the gardens for about a month, are taken directly to the woman's husband's yam house. The only one that can use the yams while they are still at the garden is the gardens namesake, and this is only under a dire emergency such as a death in the family. The amount f yams a man gives to his sister is a direct, and publicly viewed, reflection f the relationship between the woman's husband and the grower. An abundance f yams can be given if the grower sees his brother-in-law as a hard worker, or good provider for his sister. This exchange is beneficial to the man giving the yams to a hard working man because he has repayment f woman's wealth coming back to him. The grower may also give an abundance f yams to a woman whose husband is seen as a political force to be allied with. It is the obligation f the receiver f the yams to return the generosity for the gift f yams by giving him cooked yams, taro, and pieces f pork if available. The distribution f the yams is designed to encourage good social relationships between neighbors and family. It is also highly dependent on hard work. No one will wish to give yams to a man that has nothing to give back in return because he is lazy. Having a yam house is a good indication f someone with political prowess. A man can not build his own yam house. The yam house can only be built by a man's in-laws, and this will only happen after the man proves his worthiness through years f hard work. A yam house is like a summer house in that it is possessed only by well established men. A man is bound to his wife's family because he depends on them to give him yams and also to build his yam house when he is ready for it. Weinder writes, 'A man can develop political power only if he has strong support from his wife's relatives, and this support is primarily demonstrated through yam production' (92). The woman's family is also reliant on her husband for yams in the event f death in the family. Therefore, there is a working relationship that requires an equal effort on both sides to be productive. Yams should be viewed more as a currency with symbolic value that can be used as a food. The main purpose f the yam is

Interpersonal skills and team techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interpersonal skills and team techniques - Essay Example When we talk about teams, one of its qualities is the cohesive and interactive nature of team work. To build and amplify these characteristics, some of these interpersonal skills need to be developed. (Shepherd et al., 2007) Listen: Listening is more than hearing. It is the ability to understand what the other person is saying (Bostrom, 1997). Team members need to listen to others so that problems and solutions can be discussed effectively. Reflect: Reflection is the ability to reflect and think about the past and present situations. It also builds cohesion in teams as team members get the opportunity to analyze and think about their behaviors and actions against other team members. Facilitate: Facilitating includes helping out and aiding fellow team members. This skill creates trust between the team members as they know that if they require some assistance, other team members are there to watch one’s back. Communicate: Communication is considered the most essential skill that a person must possess to clearly put across one’s ideas and solutions. Clear and complete communication is required to remove any misunderstandings in teams. A person having a good set of interpersonal skills is expected to prosper working in teams or even independently. These skills must be taught and promoted throughout the organization for the following reasons. Reduces Conflict: A good and effective communication leaves no room for misunderstanding, hence there is lesser chance of conflicts arising in teams. In cases of disagreement, a team leader can intervene and clarify the situation to resolve the conflict. (AMA) Increased Participation: Communication and listening skills encourages team members to increase participation in meetings and be more social. This increases the input from all members thus they would feel comfortable working in the team environment. A

Forensic Science Work Placement Personal Development Essay

Forensic Science Work Placement Personal Development Essay The organisation I was introduced to for my work placement was the department of forensic science. Forensic science usually goes hand in hand with Law. It specialises in the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to legal systems. This may be in relation to crime, burglary or murder investigation. Simply put it usually involves the use of scientific techniques to retrieve crucial pieces of evidence which may be of utmost importance to an ongoing police investigation or court case. The Department of Forensic Science where I worked during my placement was situated in the green area of the Erasmus Darwin Building on the Clifton campus. Over the past few years the course itself has become quiet popular so much so that it now not only attracts students from across the United Kingdom but from all over the world too. The activities that are developed by the department are a combination of practical examples as well as theory in order for the students to understand some of the certain concepts that are involved in this particular field of science. On top of this the department works closely together with the Nottingham police. This is a huge advantage for the students as it enables them to get first hand information of how to go about certain methods when it comes to retrieving evidence. During my time in the forensic department I was working alongside senior technician Arthur Richards who was my supervisor and Paul Mason-Smith who was also part of the forensic technician team. The roles that we carried out ranged from setting up lab practicals to setting up different crime scenarios for the students to tackle in the crime scene house. Some of the things one needed in order to get the jobs done were a good sense of communication and the ability to work as part of a larger group. Some of the tasks that I carried out individually during my work placement were things such as collecting together the equipment that would be used in the lab practicals, charging the camera batteries as well as collecting new equipment from the downstairs store, organising them in order of their usefulness and storing them away in a suitable location. Other aspects of my tasks did not require setting up practicals or coming up with scenarios but rather to attend talks that were focusing on the health and safety viewpoints of the workplace. These talks placed a fundamental part of the placements as they showed the problems that could arise if one was not paying particular attention to the way they were carrying out their tasks. The information obtained from talks such as this one proved to be very useful during the placements. Not only did they enable my to mind my surroundings while executing my work but they also taught me how to optimise my working capacity by using a few simple examples that were provided during the talk. Skills and knowledge gained The tasks that I was undertaking over the 5 weeks of the work placement not only helped tremendously in further developing my practical skills, but they also help shape the key attributes that one needs in order to succeed in any workplace. In my particular workplace the skills that were required from me in order to work efficiently were a good sense of communication, teamwork and organisation skills. Fortunately for me, these were some of my better skills. During my time in the forensics department I also gained exceptional knowledge about some of the techniques that were involved in crime solving. During my placement I carried out two major practicals. One of the techniques that I remember carrying out was The Footwear and Tool mark Impression practical. This practical comprised of a sequence of 4 activities which together were intended to provide one with the opportunity to enhance their skills in examining tool mark evidence and collecting footwear evidence as well as identifying the characteristics of footwear sole patterns. Tool mark impressions are usually the marks that are left behind during a burglary. Lets take a house for example. If the point of entry is a locked door, the suspect would most definitely use some kind of tool to force entry to the premises. The imprint that is left behind in the door is the mark. The role of a forensic scientist is to find out what tool is compatible with the tool mark that was left on the do or. The same concept applies to the footwear impression which will be left behind in the house. Even if the footwear that is left behind is not visible to the naked eye there are certain techniques and equipment that are used in order to make these imprints visible. These however will be explained at a later stage. Upon successful completion of the practical one could: Demonstrate the competency in casting footprint impressions Show the ability to use of Electro-static lifting apparatus Correctly identify sole pattern characteristics Correctly eliminate sole print using inkless pad Safely prepare silicon cast of tool mark impression Apply theory of identification of impressions to practical scenario. Before the students could tackle the exercise I had to run through the practical in order to see whether everything the practical was going to work without any faults. Before the going through the practical however we had to create a suitable scenario that fitted with the practical. The scenario my supervisor and I came up with was as follows: Crime Number: NTU/221208 Location: 10 College Drive, Clifton Mr. Richard Sole Burglary at the above address overnight break entry gained via rear lounge window. Window forced using instruments. Climb in steal laptop and mobile phone. Exist as entry. There is footwear mark in flower bed below window and tool marks t scene. 2 suspects have been arrested and tools recovered from them. Their footwear has also been recovered for further examination. Once the scenario was in place my supervisor and I started the practical. The first activity was the casting of a footwear mark in damp sand. This activity was done as a team. It involved sketching the mark which was mentioned in the crime report with appropriate labelling. After this, the mark that was visible was coded using the letter coding system. This was necessary in order to identify the type of shoe that left behind the imprint. When the results of the mark came back from the letter coding system we prepared to cast the mark. For this we set casting frame around the mark and embedded it into the sand to prevent seepage of the plaster. This part had to be done as a team in order to ensure that the cast did not damage the mark and that the cast was evenly distributed. To cast the mark I had to: Take double bagged 2kg crownstone plaster and add 500mls of tap water to the bag, massage it well ensuring that the top of the bag remained closed. Add further water as necessary bearing in mind that the ideal consistency is runny (like pouring cream) without lumps. When the mixture is well mixed, snip off the corner at the bottom of the bad and using trawler pour plaster mix over the cast. During this step my supervisor pointed out that the mixture was not to be pour directly into the cast as this would destroy fine detail. Using the trowler gently tap the surface of mixture to ensure plaster settles into all of the impression and any air pockets are released. After 5 minutes using a craft knife inscribe suitable detail into the cast. This was not necessary in my case as I was just running the practical in order to see whether everything was going as intended however once the students started to do this activity they would have to inscribe their initials into the cast so they could distinguish between their casts. After the inscriptions the cast was left to take form for 45 minutes. Once the cast was dry I carefully tapped the edges of the casting frame to loosen and remove it. Then gently lifting the cast and keeping it over the tray brush off excess debris with brush so the details of the tread can be seen. At this point the cast was finished. I was told by a police officer how worked with us during the practical that in a real life crime scene the cast would not be cleaned. The cast plus soil would have been allowed to dry for at least 48 hours before they would be packaged and send intact to forensic scientist laboratory to be examined. The soil or debris attached to the cast may hold a small piece of evidence which could be crucial in solving a case or in the case of the above activity identifying the correct suspect which left the imprint behind during the burglary incident. The skills and knowledge that I took away from this activity was to pay attention to small details such as these which could really make a difference when it comes to solving a crime. The second activity was the Electro-Static Lifting Apparatus. This device is more commonly referred to as ESLA. ESLA consists of a high voltage power supply/control unit, a nickel-plated steel ground plane and a metalised lifting medium. It is used to lift impressions in dust from nearly any surface. It uses static electricity to attract the dust particles from the surface to a dark-colored lifting film, allowing for a clear and accurate photograph of the print. A grounding wire attaches to a grounded metal surface and a live wire attaches to a special metallic film. The unit is then activated. The film is statically attracted to the surface and dust particles are attracted to the black side of the film. A roller is provided to smooth the film over the surface. A flashlight is provided as an oblique light source to detect and photograph dust marks. This procedure ultimately produces the desired image which in my case was the footwear imprint. The activity was again carried out as a t eam however since this activity included the use of high voltage was done as a group of three to ensure that everything was cautiously done. The objective of this activity was to visualise a footwear print which was left behind on a clean surface using the dust particles that remained on the ground. The procedure went as followed: Using the crime light 80L ( a LED line light which is used for locating evidence such as fibers, hair or footwear prints in a crime scene) at a low angle we had to locate the area of shoe dust print to flooring sample. Using the Projectina Dustprint lifter my supervisor lifted the dustprint mark Following this I turned on ESLA and let the current run over the metal foil which was covering the of the shoe dustprint. After approximately 30 seconds ESLA was turned off to lift over the foil and using the crime light 80L I visualised the left to determine whether the electrostatic attraction drew the dust particle together to form the footwear mark. After confirming that it did I had the other colleague sketch the resultant lift on the crime report. This delicate procedure not only depended on precision but also accuracy. When the students carried out the activity, the sketch of the imprint was given a mark depending on the quality and accuracy of the sketch so one had to take extra care when placing the metallic foil on the dustprint not to destroy the arrangement of the particles and also while sketching the imprint. The third activity in the practical was the suspect shoe comparison. This activity differed from the other two I had done so far. Instead of retrieving footwear marks or dustprint marks my job was to examine 2 pairs of suspect shoes I received for comparison. After close examination I noted their code according to the FSS coding sheets. The FFS coding sheet holds the information of shoe types and patterns. Using the Bigfoot (a specialised set of equipment used to take footprints from shoes) I made a print of each shoe and labeled them appropriately then using a pen I had to highlight the areas of interest on the Bigfoot prints that were made. Finally I compared the Bigfoot prints against the Cast which we made during the first activity as well as the ESLA lift produced in the second activity to see whether any of the pairs were the ones which were found in the crime scene. I was told that in real life forensic scientists do this to point out the areas that overlapped with footwear evidence that was retrieved from the crime scene. Sometimes there are factors that help identify which shoe corresponded with the print that was left behind at the crime scene these include the size of the shoe. Some of the not so obvious features become more apparent following the completion of the Bigfoot analysis. The analysis tells you a lot about the sort of person which wore the shoes for example worn out soles indicate that the person wearing the shoes must have done a lot of walking. Distorted sole patterns arise due to the weight which is put on them. It is little clues such as these which narrow the number of suspects down. The final activity of this practical was the Tool Marks activity. What I had to do here was to examine the UPVC (a material used in manufacturing windows, gutters as well as doors) sections with the tool mark damage on them. Using silicon casting kit I made a cast of the marks and allowed them to dry for approximately 15 minutes before removing the from the wood. Once the silicon cast had dried I took it and compared it to the tools which were recovered from the suspects to see if any of the tools matched the cast. To identify the features and pattern of the tool mark and the cast I used a magnifier. This delicate procedure required a lot of patience and a steady hand as it took a while until align the tools with the cast however once this was done I was able to confirm which tool was used to make the tool mark. The final stage of this activity was to sketch and label the tool that made the tool mark. The information gathered from the practical was tabulated and filed away. The tabul ated results would then be used by the member of the teaching team to compare them against the results the students would gather. Following the completion of the practical I was asked by my supervisor to prepare a table of results using the computer. This table was to be used by the students to fill in their obtained results. The table also included a set of question which they had to answer. During my second week in the placement I was introduced to the crime scene house which was also situated on Clifton campus. The Crime scene house had been established very recently as It was formally an accommodation for postgraduate. It was now being used as a sort of training facility that simulated real life situation. The houses propose was for the students to hone their investigation and retrieval skills as well as get used to the idea of operating in a real life surrounding. The house itself was equipped with CCTV cameras in order to monitor the students while they were carrying out various scenarios. The forensic science department worked closely together with the Nottinghamshire police as stated earlier. The benefits of this was of course the fact that students would get advice from experienced officers on how to deal with murder investigation, burglary cases and drug searches. My role as an assistant technician was to prepare the house for the appropriate activity that was going to take place. The scenario that I was asked to set up was a Drug search activity which was scheduled to take place during the course of the week. I was working alongside my supervisor and a member of the Nottinghamshire police who told me that this activity was quiet complex in a real drug search. Sometimes the places the drugs were hidden were unimaginable thats why you had to think like a criminal in order to find them. For health and safety measures the items which were to be used for the exercise were not real drugs. Once the drugs were all placed away I went back to the offices and designed a table using Microsoft word which held the information of the different kinds of drugs and equipment that were used and the precise location they had been placed in the crime scene house. This was done in order to keep track of the items the students retrieved and to remember which items had been placed where in the house. On the following day while the students were undertaking the Drug search activity my supervisor and I went into the CCTV room in order to monitor the students progress. My supervisor familiarised me with the operating system and the different functions that were necessary in order to control each CCTV individually. After I was comfortable with operating the CCTVs I was left with the task of monitoring the actions of the students as they were doing the activity. During this I had to note down any action which went against the code of conduct they had been taught during their lectures. When entering a crime scene it is of utmost importance that one wears the appropriate equipment such as a protective suite which covers you from head to toe, gloves and a mask. This is to stop you from covering the scene with your fingerprints, hair strains or saliva traces. Some of the students made mistakes such as the ones mentioned and it was precisely these acts that I had to write done in the log b ook. While I was watching I noticed that some of the students were retrieving the items quicker but in turn they did not find all of them. The items they did not find or rather overlooked were the items which I placed in the more obvious locations such as under the carpet. The others were retrieving the items at a slower pace however they managed to find all of them. This highlighted the fact that patience really was a virtue. After they had retrieved everything the unknown samples of drugs were brought back to the lab for testing. The other activity which took place in the crime scene house towards the end of the week was the murder scene activity. The preparation of this activity involved using life size dummies which looked shockingly real. Depending on the scenario the dummy was either male or female. The dummy we used that week was the male dummy which had cut wrists as well as a slit throat. It was placed in the double bed room. During this activity the students had to examine the room the victim was found in for fibre traces, footwear and any DNA traces. Once the room was adequately searched the students would go back to the lab to observe one of the members of staff demonstrating how to properly transport a corpse. During the demonstration it became apparent to a lot of students including myself that the transport of a corpse from a crime scene was not as straight forward as it seemed. Before the corpse was put in a body bag the limbs had to be wrapped in forensic evidence bags as they may hold crucial pieces of evidence which could be uncovered during the autopsies which take place in the forensic labs. I mentioned earlier that as part of being an assistant technician I had to take place in a Health and safety talk in order to familiarise myself with the daily hazards which encompassed the workplaces. The talk raised some interesting points of about the dangers of carelessness during work or how the arrangements of items could cause serious problems during evacuation. The talks main focus was about maintaining a good workplace at all times. It showed how one could increase their work efficiency by rearranging their desk, prioritising the items they need in order of their usefulness at the time. The talk went on to explain the necessity of taking short breaks when working on the computer. The breaks would allow you to take your gaze away from the monitor thus easing the strain on your eyes. A general rule of thumb is to look into the distance as this relaxes your ciliary muscles. Moving about during these small breaks is also very useful as it gives you the chance to get up from your chair and stretch your muscles. These few simple roles proved to be a very useful set of skills even now as Im writing this report. Throughout the practicals and scenarios that my supervisor, colleague and I did, I felt that our teamwork and communication kept improving to the point were it was almost flawless. This in turn greatly enhanced the rate of completing various tasks and practicals as there was less mistakes. After a while I was even able to help the students with minor technical difficulties of the camera equipment. The other major practical that I prepared and tested was the Inked Fingerprint practical. Fingerprints are taken for several reasons some of them are: To establish an individuals identity. To find out whether someone has a criminal record. In the case of migration the home office takes fingerprints to identify whether a person is illegal in the country. To clear a suspect of committing a crime. Using fingerprints as evidence in a court case. The Police use them to find out whether an individual has had any previous convictions. This practical also involved several different stages which when tied together provided me with the chance to develop an understanding of the range of fingerprint pattern types. Also while doing this practical my supervisor introduced me to the procedure that is involved in taking fingerprints from actual crime suspects. Once I had completed this exercise I understood the nature of fingerprint characteristics and I was able to handle fingerprint equipment as well as taking fingerprints from individuals. Before starting the procedure however I was made aware of the health and safety aspects of this practical. Even though the risks that encompassed were minimal I had to wear a lab coat to ensure that no ink came in contact with my clothing. The first part of the practical required teamwork as such I worked with my supervisor. This part of the practical divided the groups into two roles. One person had to supervise and take the prints whereas the other had to assume the role of the susp ect who was having their fingerprints taken. For the sake of understanding the practical I assumed the role of supervision. The materials that were used included: National arrest form Fingerprint ink Copper plate Ink roller Card form holder Palm roller Wipes A4 paper Magnifying glass ID sheet Linen tester Russell Comparator In order for obtaining the best possible prints I had to ensure that my hands were thoroughly washed, dried and free from perspiration, the ink plate was clean and inked appropriately and my wrists and fingers were relaxed making sure not to assists the prints by adding pressure to the plate as this only leads to inaccuracy. Once the precautions were set we went into the preparation procedure which was as followed: Complete the details on the form Fold the paper along the lines indicated Place the form under the fingerprint card in such a way that it leaves the right hand impression visible. Dot 8 to 12 equally spaced out dots of ink on the plate. Once this has been done roll the ink out evenly until it has a semi mat finish. Take a test impression on the plain A4 paper. If too much ink is used on the paper clogging will form between the ridges if however too little is used the ridges will appear grey. The aim in each case was to produce a fingerprint which had sharp black ridges and white interspaces. The trick of removing excess ink from the plate was to lay a blank piece of paper over it and pass the roller over it until the plate had an even layer of ink. As part of the health and safety precautions I had to bear in mind to check for cuts, skin disease and the quality of the ridges. This was to make sure that the ink would go into the cuts and cause an infection or agitate the skin. Once the practical had been set up we went through the practical as followed: The rolled impressions were obtained by rolling the digit through 180 degrees from nail edge to nail edge in order for the complete area of rigid detail on the inner surface of the finger to be recorded. My supervisor indicated that it is recommended to do this slowly as it produces a better quality of fingerprint. Take the fingerprints starting with the right thumb and working your way across the form, taking each finger in turn to the right little finger making sure that the right digit appears in the suitable space. After completing the right hand adjust the fingerprint form in the holder in such a manner as to allow the left hand prints to be taken. Once it has been repositioned repeat the same steps with the left hand taking care to position the digits. The reason the plain impressions are taken before the rolled impressions is to certify that the rolled impressions have been taken in the correct manner on the fingerprint form. I was told that they may prove very useful to a fingerprint office therefore it is very important that they are recorded within the area chosen for them and do not overlap onto other lines or printing. When these were taken I had to move the form down in the holder to expose the plain expression section. As soon as this is done I took each of the suspects hands and pressed all four fingers together onto the ink plate, lifted them off and onto the appropriate space and pressed all four fingers down together. After this I took them of and used the same procedure to get the thumb prints. The final part of the practical was to take the palm prints. Using the ink roller I covered the whole palm and finger surface of my supervisor with a coating of ink. Finally I had done this I placed the heel of the palm onto the paper and drew the hand back over the over the roller to the fingertips, exerting a little pressure. Once the practical was complete I put away the equipment and prepared the lab for research students that were working on a project that involved the use of cameras and 80L crime lights. I realised that throughout the placement my organisation and communication skills kept improving. Thanks to this it made me a more reliable person. The various tasks that were allocated to me by my supervisor reflected this. Being responsible for setting up practicals, backing up CCTV footage for later use and preparing equipment for research students has also increased my confidence of managing tasks by my self. The health and safety speech has also helped as it made me aware of the hazards that I used to ignore before. Personal development Having completed my placement at the forensic department I must say that this has been a priceless experience for me. The placement has not only given me an insight in the day to day activities that encompass a forensic scientist but it has also helped in further developing the key attributes and understandings that one needs in order to excel in any given workplace. I believe that the way I carried out the tasks that were assigned to me had a direct influence on my personal development and of course vice versa. Judging by this I would like to think that I carried out my daily tasks and completed them to the best of my ability. My attitude also contributed to my development. Generally I was quiet content with my workplace. At the beginning it took a while to adjust to certain aspects of the placement such as timekeeping, sticking to the deadlines and schedules and bearing the responsibility of setting up practicals. These demands and responsibilities required that I had to learn quic kly and adapt in order to prevail in this workplace. I realised during the placement that one of my weaknesses was the accuracy and reliability of the practicals I had prepared. This is only natural as forensic science was not my area of expertise however since I applied for this placement it meant that I had to follow the same conduct and set up the practicals in the exact same manner as a forensic technician would do. My supervisor also gave me the advice of taking my time while setting up the practicals. In order to resolve this issue I paid particular attention to the other technicians while they were setting up practicals. As a result of this the reliability of my practicals improved immensely over the course of the placement. One of my stronger assets that my supervisor commended on was my organising ability and initiative. I was able to resolve an issue that occurred with the backing up of the CCTV recordings. The recordings were usually burnt on a CD however for some reason when they were empty even though the burning of the CC TV recordings was successful. I suggested the idea of uploading the recordings on an external hard drive. This had a number of benefits as it was capable of storing many more Giga bytes of CCTV recordings and in the long run would work out cheaper than to keep purchasing CD ROMs. Overall I would say that this placement has transformed me into a more responsible, reliable and punctual individual who is able to work as part of a team, as well as work individually in order to accomplish the task that is set out to the best of his ability.