The Diver - 810 Words

se Nature of Psychology The Diverse Nature of Psychology Christine Woyner PSY 490 September 19, 2011 Edna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology The diverse nature of psychology begins with making a difference in a diverse setting. This involves the implementation of critical psychology concepts, subdisciplines and subtopics, motivation, behaviorism, and cognition. Moreover, these subdisciplines and subtopics may be applied to other disciplines in contemporary society. In addition, this paper will include the subdisciplines and subtopics to theoretical perspectives, and concludes with the psychological contribution in areas of work, education, health, and leisure. Diversity on Psychology’s Major Concepts The†¦show more content†¦To support these theoretical perspectives, personality and identity are psychological outcomes through a degree of difference from parent or environment (Dunkle amp; Harbke, 2009). Early schools of thought define disciplines and subtopics through psychological anthropology or the study of humankind. Although, more practical reasons for psychological needs when approaching humankind, Research and data suggests a two-sided relationship between the professional and the clients. This is how science reveals varied personalities in different fields (Boas, 1963, Revised Allen, 1998). Conclusion In conclusion, subdisciplines and subtopics are major concepts when analyzing the diverse nature of psychology. These subdisciplines and subtopics identify motivation or theory of emotion, behaviorism and behavior of others, and cognition including cognitive dissonance. Emotional, behavioral and biological approaches have much significance in these subdiscipline s and subtopics to elaborate on. Accordingly, there is more emphasis on each discipline and subtopics that contribute to society in the areas of work, education, health, and leisure. References Boas, F. (1963). Revised Allen K. (1998). Disciplines amp; Subdisciplines – Psychology Anthropology. The Mind of Primitive Man.Show MoreRelatedThe Tomb Of The Diver1760 Words   |  8 PagesThe Tomb of the Diver is a very odd and unique discovery, that challenged what we generally think about Greek funerary practices in terms of the artwork and subject matter used. It is the only known Greek tomb from the Orientalizing, Archaic, or Classical periods that has remained entirely intact that depict humans figures. It looks on at least a surface level to be inspired by etruscan tombs that were being made in the same time period. However it is overwhelmingly Greek in nature, stylization,Read MoreMaster Diver Certification3510 Words   |  15 PagesMaster Diver Diving Equipment Open circuit demand scuba is the most commonly used by recreational divers, but closed circuit and semi-closed rebreathers are now available. Test Pressure: the pressure to which the cylinder is subjected to during hydrostatic testing. For a 200 bar cylinder it is 300 bars, for a 232 bar cylinder it is 348 bars. If internal inspection reveals corrosion, it may have to be cleaned by tumbling. The tumbling process involves filling the cylinder approximatelyRead MoreCartesian Diver Lab Report1248 Words   |  5 PagesCartesian diver lab is used commonly in scientific experiments to illustrate principle of buoyancy. The objective of this Cartesian diver lab is to demonstrate Pascal s law and Archimedes principles. Observation is the key to conduct this experimental study of the Cartesian diver. First a 2-liter bottle is filled with water to almost all the way to the top, then prepare the diver which is a test tube, fill the test tube about 50-60% with water, place the diver inside the bottle the diver shouldRead MoreCoral Divers Resort Case2085 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Coral Divers Resort Case Analysis SGMA 571: Strategic Management Name: Godpower Agugharam Student #: 10101469 Strategic Recommendation: What do you advise Coral Divers to do? Core divers Resort (CDR) should focus on making their current business operation more efficient by keeping an eye on operating costs and partnering with adventure resorts for customers who wants adventure diving. The company financials cannot support any expansion for family oriented resort with the company beingRead MoreEssay about The Subculture of Scuba Divers 1711 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics, and history regarding the subculture of scuba divers. Scuba divers get to explore new, exciting, and breathtaking regions in the ocean that many people never get to experience in their whole lives. Scuba divers hold important roles in society because of the discoveries they make on a daily basis. They provide much needed research that is important in the scientific community regarding newly discovered marine species. Scuba divers get the opportunity to explore exceptionally beautiful oceanRead MoreCoral Divers Case Study Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesAfter investigating Coral Di vers diligently, I am delighted to be hired as a consultant to evaluate Coral Divers strategic situation. Based on my findings, I believe Coral Divers is in a decreasing state of financials and diminishing competitive position. Their net income is negative and increasing in 2005 through 2007. In addition, there is a lack of differentiators at Coral Divers, hindering them from their competition. The issue at hand is whether Coral Divers should take on a potential growthRead MoreCoral Divers Resort Case Study1155 Words   |  5 PagesCORAL DIVERS RESORT Business Description Coral Divers Resort (Coral) is acting since 10 years on the niche industry of a rapidly growing sport scuba diving in the island of New Providence in the Bahamas. The company belongs to Jonathan Greywell familys who found this niche by creating short weekend and midweek diving ventures, a service that intrigued the public, both single and families. Coral Divers Resort has targeted the aficionado diver, and the tyro, both of which want maximum diving pleasureRead MoreEssay about Coral Divers Resport999 Words   |  4 PagesCoral Divers Resort Introduction Mr. Jonathan Greywell is contemplating a business decision in which there are four realistic options. He is the owner of Coral Divers Resort, located in the Bahamas on the island of New Providence. He caters to customers looking for a resort package that includes diving. This case discusses a decline in revenues for the three-year period of 2005-2007. His options include: selling the resort, partnering with another business, focusing on higher margin businessRead MoreCoral Divers and Loblaws Case Answers2367 Words   |  10 PagesN: Management Policy Part I Coral Divers Resort: Case Analysis Synopsis Coral Divers Resort (CDR) is a small, but well-regarded, diving resort in New Providence Island in the Bahamas. It is owned by Jonathon Greywell, who work full-time at the resort and is a diving instructor certified by PADI and NAUI. CDR had established a solid reputation as a safe and knowledgeable scuba diving resort that offered not only diving, but also a beachfront location. Many divers had come to prefer CDR over the otherRead MoreBusiness Feasibility Operations And Strategy : Green Divers1639 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Business Feasibility Operations and Strategy: Green Divers We all want to follow our passions and land our dream job straight out of college right? I know I do and I also know that I’d rather work for myself than work for the man. In order for this to happen there is no better plan than for me to create my own business. I think of stuff all the time and I’ve been writing ideas down for a long time and a finally think I may be on to something, which is the purpose of this paper. In this document

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Addiction And Substance Abuse Drugs - 1021 Words

Nicolo Vitale Mrs. Martinez English 3 March 30, 2016 Addiction and Substance Abuse Addiction and substance abuse is a crime that has plagued the U.S. ever since the early 1900 s and from that point on has been an uphill battle for the U.S. to stop. But even with everything the U.S. has tried nothing that has been done has even made a dent in the drug war. Drugs just continue to hit the very streets that innocent people live on. Today people walk right outside their house and just around the corner, there is some guy that has the ability to sell them drugs. That is why the war on drugs in the U.S. has failed miserably because the number of people and high schoolers that are using drugs is still increasing, drug tests do not do anything to discourage using drugs and almost everyone knows how to cheat the tests, and legalizing drugs, such as marijuana and other low level drugs, would allow the U.S. to have more control over drugs in the end. The U.S. has tried many different policies and methods to end the war on drugs but so far addiction and substance abuse continues to rise amongst Americans. The U.S. thinks that the best way to end the war is by replacing and issuing new policies every so often when every policy before that has not seemed to change anything. The National Institute on Drug Abuse did a study in 2012 that showed an increase of 30% in high schoolers that were using drugs and that was only in two decades (Addiction). Apparently not even high schoolers areShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction And Substance Abuse1808 Words   |  8 Pageshas taken over their life? Addiction includes biological, psychological, and behavioral factors. It is very dangerous emotionally, psychologically, and physically. Drug addiction or substance abuse is an ongoing uncontrollable need to use drugs, despite the harmful or negative consequences it causes. The person depends on drugs to keep functioning normally as the natural chem ical balance of the brain is altered. No matter the reason a person starts abusing drugs, either for excitement, escapeRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Drug Addiction814 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse and drug addiction affects people from all walks of life. Drugs are available to those who want to consume them. Even though there vast amounts of literature and other informative and preventive data, people still choose to abuse drugs. Unfortunately, most of them become addicts and find it very difficult to escape their addiction for the reason that underlying issues may be causing them to seek and use drugs. There exists a number of special populations that are identified and mayRead MoreSubstance Abuse, Drug Traffickers And Addicts On How Religion Can Help Individuals On Their Addictions2351 Words   |  10 PagesIn this paper I will be discussing religion, science, substance abuse, drug traffickers and addicts on how religion can help individuals on their addictions, and how clergy members need to have more training on substance abuse. In religion it has been known that the clergy members are not educated as they should be on substance abuse and because of this it becomes a problem (Califano, and Sheehan 8). Then within the health care providers and psychiatrists, the issue with them is that they doRead MoreThe Ethics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse1579 Words   |  6 PagesEthics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse For any professional working in the substance abuse treatment field, they will very likely come across situations and be presented with dilemmas relating to personal beliefs, judgments, and values. Drug or substance use and abuse have been a controversial and heated topic around the world for centuries. Drug abuse, in a way, is a facet of human culture that has been present for a great deal of human history in general. Every culture handles the issue of drug abuseRead MoreSubstance Abuse: Crisis Intervention1352 Words   |  5 Pages Substance abuse: Crisis intervention To the outsider, the lives of substance abusers often look like a series of crises waiting to happen. Often, the extent to which substance abuse is causing devastation in the life of the sufferer is more manifest to outsiders such as friends or relatives than the abuser him or herself. Crises relating to substance abuse may be biologically-related (such as a medical crisis brought about by abuse); legally related (a conviction for abusing an illegal drugRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Addiction On Children1506 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When an individual is struggling with drug addiction problems, the family is affected physically, mentally, and emotionally. The disease not only changes the addict’s whole life, but it changes the lives of their family members as parents get torn apart from themselves and each other. The role of each family member begins to shape around what is in the best interest of the addict. This research paper is an overview of the effects that raising a drug addicted child has on parent’s ability toRead MoreAddiction : The Problem Of Addiction Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction Students stroll in to class, their Venti iced soy vanilla lattes in hand rather than a notebook and pen. Keurig coffeemakers are commonplace in college dorm rooms. Colleges boast the number of Starbucks shops they have on campus. Just a month into the school year, and already many students’ bodies are becoming tolerant to caffeine, needing more and more of it to achieve the desired boost of energy, and if not given their fix, rebelling by causing headaches and irritability. Could itRead MoreEssay on Social Aspect of Substance Abuse1001 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction is a difficult disease that involves several different factors including biological, psychological and sociological aspects. Anderson (1997) states that substance use refers generally to the ingestion of illicit drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, PCP, amphetamines, etc. The use of illicit drugs, such as alcohol and nicotine, are less frequently included in this definition, despite their widespread use and undisputed potential for harm. Substance abuseRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effects On Society1285 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance abuse has existed since the start of civilization and it is an ever present entity in the modern era as well. Distilled beverages were the main drinking source in many cases even safer to drink than water in early civilizations, for instance during the Middle Ages. Many substances were also used in medicine derived from certain plants for anesthetics such as opioids from poppy seeds. In addition, nicotine and tobacco products and other hallucinogenic substances were used for recreationalRead MoreSubstance Abusers: A Vulnerable Population Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesgoing to be describing the characteristics of substance abusers. Next, give the common health issue and needs. Then, give specific resources that Peoria have to offer. Finally, how substance abuse relates to Healthy People 2020. Overall, this will give o ne an overview of the vulnerable population such as substance abusers. Characteristics of the population Substance abuse is when a person want their mind to be altered with the use of drugs. Substance abuse affect all ages, race, religion, and income

Abortion Essay - 2532 Words

Abortion has been and still is one of the most controversial topics in American culture. The reason for the controversy is the different viewpoints of this very personal matter. Some believe that abortion is the same as murder. Others believe it’s a personal choice which only they have the right to make. Due to the nature of the procedure and the concerns associated with ending a pregnancy, abortion will continue to top the list of â€Å"touchy† subjects in American politics and culture. As a pro-choice advocate, it is important for the right to have an abortion to be established and protected. An abortion is the termination of a pregnancy. The most common abortion procedure is the vacuum aspiration or suction curettage. This is performed†¦show more content†¦Still, many people believe that women should not be given this right. They argue that the fetus growing inside her also has rights and that they should be protected. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The pro-choice/pro-life movement has spread throughout the country, and everyone has a side or at least an opinion on the issue. The people who support the â€Å"pro-choice† side argue that women have the right to make any and every decision belonging to their body. Women can not and should not be forced to continue an unwanted pregnancy - It is against their right as humans, to live freely and be protected under the constitution. Pro-choice advocates believe that instead of banning abortion, women should be educated on sex and birth control methods. They believe women should have access to both of these at an early age, most important in school. The reason being, that a growing number of women having abortions are young women. Therefore, it makes more sense to them, if prevention instead of abstinence is taught in schools. It is unrealistic, in their opinion to push for young women to not have sex. It is a known fact that the age at which a woman enga ges in sexual intercourse is dropping and this should be signal for change in the ways women are being educated. So instead of restricting or taking a woman’s right to choose, the government should focus on educating woman and letting her make her own decisions. This has been a hard thing toShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion meas ures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers. At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produceRead MoreIs Abortion Wrong? Abortion?1321 Words   |  6 PagesIs Abortion Wrong? There continues to be a hot debate on abortion. Some people feel that this issue is neither right nor wrong, just simply a â€Å"to each his own† idiom. Those who are for abortion, tend to believe a woman has a right to decide what goes in her body and if she is capable of bringing life into this world. On the other side, there is an equal fervent opposition that killing an innocent unborn baby is wrong and unjustly, murder in the first degree of a helpless baby. Not only are they

Fast Food Argument Free Essays

Fast food is unhealthy; leads to obesity and disease, but the convenience and addictiveness of it contributes to the laziness of the general population. Most people eat fast food for the lack of time then having prepare a decent meal. It seems as though there is a fast food restaurant on every street corner while driving home. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now The general population oversees the fact that eating nothing but these greasy foods will attribute to weight gain. Fast food is addictive for the convenience of it and in which it tastes so good. Additionally, the variety of fast food restaurants provides timely manners for people with different work hours; compared to whom works a normal nine to five job. For instance, people try dieting and then will starve their body by not eating anything at all or just salads that will go nowhere fast. The human body needs heavy calories to burn off and produce healthy enzymes and glycogen. Specifically, this helps produce bigger muscles and thicker bone density. Eating nothing at all will still not help a person get healthier because the human brain needs carbohydrates and proteins to function properly. Naturally, eating too much fast food leads to obesity which leads to diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure; which then leads to laziness. Laziness is one of the biggest factors to weight gain. What a vicious circle this is; being too tired to cook after working all day, the convenience of fast food then laziness and furthermore, the unnecessary results of obesity and disease. How to cite Fast Food Argument, Essay examples

Fast Food Argument Free Essays

Fast food is unhealthy; leads to obesity and disease, but the convenience and addictiveness of it contributes to the laziness of the general population. Most people eat fast food for the lack of time then having prepare a decent meal. It seems as though there is a fast food restaurant on every street corner while driving home. We will write a custom essay sample on Fast Food Argument or any similar topic only for you Order Now The general population oversees the fact that eating nothing but these greasy foods will attribute to weight gain. Fast food is addictive for the convenience of it and in which it tastes so good. Additionally, the variety of fast food restaurants provides timely manners for people with different work hours; compared to whom works a normal nine to five job. For instance, people try dieting and then will starve their body by not eating anything at all or just salads that will go nowhere fast. The human body needs heavy calories to burn off and produce healthy enzymes and glycogen. Specifically, this helps produce bigger muscles and thicker bone density. Eating nothing at all will still not help a person get healthier because the human brain needs carbohydrates and proteins to function properly. Naturally, eating too much fast food leads to obesity which leads to diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure; which then leads to laziness. Laziness is one of the biggest factors to weight gain. What a vicious circle this is; being too tired to cook after working all day, the convenience of fast food then laziness and furthermore, the unnecessary results of obesity and disease. How to cite Fast Food Argument, Essay examples

Ineffective Meetings Selective In Nature †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: How can a chairperson keep the meeting focused on the agenda? How does discussion impose the biggest challenge in a meeting? Answers: Contrast the characteristics of effective and effective meetings Firstly, effective meetings are inclusive while ineffective meetings are selective in nature. Effective meetings aim at including the ideas and opinions of each member who is involved in the meeting. On the other hand, ineffective meetings are selective. Those in authority make decisions their own decisions. The views of most of the members in the meeting are not represented. Secondly, the agenda in effective meetings can be fixed or flexible while in ineffective meetings, the agenda is fixed. In effective meetings, members are free to discuss agenda deeply where there is a need for such discussion. On ineffective meetings, seniors have hidden agenda and therefore such meetings tend to be rigid. Thirdly, in effective meetings, leaders do not use their power to oppress other members while in ineffective meetings, positional power is mostly used by leaders to dictate what should be done. Explain why it is important to have a meeting agenda, and how a meeting agenda could improve participants meeting engagement Agenda are important because they help those involved in a particular meeting, to identify the major topics of discussion of that day. Members, therefore, have knowledge of what should be discussed. Unplanned topics should not be brought to the table. Secondly, agenda help people to do away with excuses. The agenda of discussion of a meeting are prior given to the members to ensure that they prepare for the meeting. One can therefore not complain that he or she was not ready for discussion when the agenda is available. Thirdly, agenda help people to get serious and ready for discussions(A. Allen Beck 2014). When people have agenda to focus on, they become serious keeping in mind that their views are important in that particular meeting. They, therefore, do not waste time during the day of the meeting. To improve member engagement and participation, the agenda should be distributed among the participants to ensure that everybody actively participates in that particular meeting. Decisions on all the agenda will, therefore, be made from this discussion. Every member should feel free to share his or her ideas based on the agenda scheduled for that day. First of all, the chairperson should control the meeting by ensuring that the members do not deviate from the topic of discussion. The chairman interrupts with the opinions of a member who brings another issue of discussion, which is not part of the discussion of that day. Secondly, the chairperson, with the help of the members, should set a specific time of discussion for each agendum. This ensures that there is no extra time for discussion of unscheduled ideas. Thirdly, the chairperson should remind the members of the major ideas of discussion to ensure that they maintain their focus on those ideas. He or she should also remind the members of the same, as the meeting proceeds. Select and name the common pieces of accurate and error free documentation required for the meeting, and what attributes should they display? One of the key documents required for a meeting is the attendance sheet. This is a document designed by rows and columns, which is used to display the names of those who attended the meeting. The names of the attendees are filed in this document with respect to other information such contact and position in the organization. The code of conduct is another important document. It is also called the code of ethics. This document displays the rules and regulations which govern that organization. Every member in the meeting is required by the law, to abide by those rules. A copy of the previous meeting is also an important document in a meeting. This one should be accurately prepared. After confirmation, it is signed by the chairperson and the secretary. It displays the issues which were discussed in the previous meeting. Outline and organize the key factors to consider when distributing documents, and recording and producing minutes within the designated timeline When distributing documents, it is important to ensure that each member in a meeting gets a copy or access to the document distributed. This helps to make sure that everyone in the meeting is aware and contributes to discussions based on that particular meeting document. The documents should be neat and clear. When recording minutes and other meeting documents, accuracy should be an essential factor to consider. This helps to ensure that recorded issues are true and as discussed(Mandl, Hauser Mandl 2013). When producing minutes, care should be taken to ensure that the minutes do not fall into hands of third-hand parties. Discuss the task and maintenance roles of the members of a meeting and give examples of each role Some of the task roles are as outlined below. The information seeker has the role of looking for information from different primary and secondary sources while still putting into practice the relevant facts.An evaluator has the role of critically examining issues according to the basis of certain theories and logic. For example, an evaluator may use theories such as AbrahamsMaslows theory, to explain why some basic issues should be first dealt with, and not others. On maintenance roles, the harmonizer has the responsibility of uniting the members, when differences arise among them. His or her major role is to spread peace, harmony, and unity among the group members. For instance, when a certain member becomes aggressive, the harmonizer cools him or her down. A follower, on the other hand, is less involved in the discussion but keeps into account all that is being mentioned. He or she is usually not too talkative and does not actively participate in the meeting. For instance, such a member will record in a notebook; the issues discussed but may not raise any question regarding them. Explain the terms defensive role and dysfunctional role Defensive roles are those roles which aim at protecting an organization or a board when serious crises arise. These include lawyers, security officers among other experts in that field. On the other hand, dysfunctional roles refer to those roles, which are not in any way helpful to the organization. These roles are performed by aggressors, play personals, noise makers among many others. They have no positive contribution to the meeting or organization. Discussion, though a good method of expressing ideas may be very challenging in meetings. Meetings are scheduled to take place within a certain period of time. Discussion forces people to talk so much as they question and answer each other. Most of the issues might be repeated in discussions as different members air out their views and opinions. Discussions also give an opportunity to those who play dysfunctional roles, to intervene and brings compromising issues which might lead to disagreements and even wastage of time. Describe how the chairperson can guide the discussion. The chairperson can lead a discussion by following a certain criterion. If it is the first time the members are meeting, the chairperson should take the initiative to introduce the members by their names and possibly by their position, after which they should feel free to communicate and give their opinions. The chairperson can now proceed and deduce a topic of discussion. The topic should be understandable to all members in the meeting. He or she should now foster an open process through which the members can discuss their ideas and opinions in an orderly manner. In this process, the chairperson should make sure that all members in the meeting are actively involved. Those members who seem to be dormant or partially passive in the meeting should be provoked to air out their ideas. The chairperson, with the help of other members, should ask questions to enquire more advanced clarifications on disturbing issues. The chairperson should now guide the members to summarize their discussion and findings and finally come up with relevant solutions to issues discussed. He or she should now give his or her end remarks and guide the members to make plans for future discussion. By so doing, a chairperson can effectively lead discussions Identify the follow-up activities to a meeting. There are several follow up activities that may make meetings successful. To start with, the chairperson should follow up closely and ensure that they are published. Members are usually likely to react positively to issues when action towards them is taken promptly. The published minutes should be complete and error free, including important details such as date, venue and time, attendees, major agenda discussed, and agreements made. Additionally, the leader of the meeting should follow up members who are assigned tasks during the meeting, before the next meeting is conducted. This helps to make sure that all tasks are under constant progress and all activities are accomplished as per the stated dates and time. Debriefing is another major follow up activities which make meetings effective. This is the process in which the leader of the meeting questions the members on how issues and activities are handled. This is usually carried out after the meeting. Members give their opinions on the strengths of the meeting, and where implementation of changes should be done. What steps can the meeting chairperson take, both during and after meeting, to ensure that the minutes are accurate and reflect the decisions taken at the meeting? To ensure that minutes are accurate, the chairperson should keep a record of the major issues discussed and solutions of the discussion. This will help him or her, to compare his or her records with those of the secretary or the recorder of the meeting. Additionally, the chairperson should often remind the minute taker to record some major solutions to problems of the issues discussed, as the meeting proceeds. During the publication of the minutes, the chairperson should confirm that the meetings are accurately recorded before the final document, (which will be used as the previous minutes in the next meeting), is printed and published. Explain why it is important to take accurate minutes of a meeting but not to record the conversation verbatim Recording accurate minutes is very important. First of all, minutes are very important in providing protection to a company or organization. When crises occur, the court might ask for the previous minutes, to confirm issues discussed. An organization can fall into serious crises when this documentation is not available. Secondly, minutes are used to measure the success or failure of an organization. It is through the minutes that decisions made can be evaluated if they were put into practice. Additionally, the action is taken in reference to the issues discussed and recorded in minutes. References Allen, J Beck, T 2014, 'Understanding workplace meetings: A qualitative taxonomy of meeting purposes', Management Research Review, pp. 791-814. Mandl, C, Hauser, M Mandl, H 2013, 'Interdependency of Meetings and Organizations', In The Co-creative Meeting, pp. 21-27.